This study explores the integration of Spiral Dynamics theory with the classic game theory problem of the Prisoner's Dilemma, offering a novel approach to understanding human behavior in conflict situations. By utilizing data from the SaaS SDTEST®, which provides personal color profiles based on Spiral Dynamics, and incorporating correlations between these profiles and various fears, we aim to provide a more comprehensive analysis of decision-making strategies in the Prisoner's Dilemma context.
The research employs a multidisciplinary approach, combining quantitative data analysis with theoretical frameworks from psychology, sociology, and game theory. Our methodology involves analyzing participants' personal color profiles, correlating these with specific fears, and using this information to predict and explain strategic choices in the Prisoner's Dilemma scenario.
The study's findings suggest that individual value systems, as described by Spiral Dynamics, significantly influence decision-making processes in conflict situations. This influence extends beyond the rational cost-benefit analysis typically associated with game theory, incorporating emotional and psychological factors represented by correlated fears.
This research contributes to conflict resolution, organizational behavior, and decision theory by offering a more nuanced understanding of human behavior in strategic interactions. Its practical implications extend to various domains, including management, negotiation, psychology, and sociology, potentially informing more effective strategies for conflict resolution and decision-making in complex social environments.
Keywords: Spiral Dynamics, Prisoner's Dilemma, Game Theory, Decision-Making, Conflict Resolution, Value Systems, Fear Correlation
1. Introduction
o Description of the relevance and significance of the study
In the modern world, studying interactions and strategies of human behavior in conflict situations is becoming increasingly important. Game theory, especially the prisoner's dilemma, provides powerful tools for analyzing such interactions. However, the classic prisoner's dilemma is often considered in the abstract without considering the complex and multifaceted psychological factors influencing people's behavior.
Spiral Dynamics, developed by Don Beck and Chris Cowan, offers a unique perspective on understanding human behavior through the lens of value systems and cultural memes. This theory describes the development of human value systems, represented as colored levels, each characterized by its own specific beliefs, motives, and fears.
The relevance of this study lies in integrating game theory and Spiral Dynamics for a deeper understanding of motivation and strategies of human behavior in conflict situations. SaaS SDTEST® provides a free opportunity to use:
- personal color profiles and
- a table of correlation coefficients between Spiral Dynamics colors and fears (survey 恐惧, bookmark Correlation on the widget below).
恐惧
我最大的恐惧是
Answer 1
11%
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1
3
0
1
5
2
5
3
0
1
4
0
5
5
4
3
5
2
4
3
5
5
5
5
5
3
1
4
0
0
0
2
0
3
5
3
3
5
5
3
3
2
5
1
4
5
2
4
5
5
0
5
3
1
3
5
1
5
4
4
5
5
3
5
2
5
5
3
4
1
2
3
3
5
4
5
5
0
0
5
5
3
0
5
4
4
2
1
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
3
3
5
5
5
0
0
1
3
5
5
0
4
1
5
4
0
5
3
1
0
0
2
2
5
5
3
3
5
5
5
5
5
3
0
3
4
5
5
5
5
4
5
0
4
4
0
5
5
3
0
1
5
2
0
4
1
4
2
2
3
4
5
3
5
0
0
2
3
4
0
3
1
0
3
5
5
5
0
5
5
4
3
3
5
2
5
0
5
5
0
1
5
5
5
4
5
4
1
5
4
3
2
0
4
4
0
3
3
5
1
0
3
5
5
0
0
4
5
0
5
3
0
0
1
5
5
0
3
0
5
3
2
0
5
5
5
5
3
3
4
5
4
3
1
5
0
5
5
0
5
5
0
3
5
5
5
1
0
3
5
5
4
5
5
0
0
2
5
3
3
1
2
0
5
5
0
3
3
3
5
4
0
3
3
5
5
5
3
5
5
0
0
1
4
1
5
5
5
4
5
3
2
3
5
0
4
5
3
4
0
0
5
0
5
1
4
3
3
4
5
5
5
3
3
5
3
5
5
0
4
0
3
2
0
4
4
2
5
0
3
5
5
5
3
0
5
0
5
5
0
3
0
5
1
5
0
5
4
1
5
5
2
0
2
0
1
2
4
4
0
0
5
5
1
2
3
5
0
3
5
0
3
3
5
5
5
5
4
4
5
5
3
2
5
4
0
5
0
5
0
3
0
5
4
1
5
0
5
5
4
1
5
5
4
5
4
4
1
1
0
5
4
5
5
5
4
3
5
5
0
0
4
3
5
5
2
5
3
1
5
5
0
3
0
0
5
1
4
5
5
4
5
5
5
3
3
5
0
2
1
3
4
5
5
5
1
4
2
5
1
0
0
5
5
5
4
4
5
5
5
2
5
5
0
1
4
0
3
0
2
0
0
4
2
3
1
5
2
0
4
0
4
0
5
2
4
2
5
4
0
5
5
3
5
0
0
5
0
5
3
0
5
5
5
3
0
4
5
5
5
0
5
5
1
5
5
5
2
3
3
2
5
5
5
2
5
2
4
0
3
5
5
0
5
2
5
5
5
5
5
2
4
5
4
2
5
5
5
5
5
4
3
0
5
5
5
5
5
2
3
3
3
3
5
0
5
3
0
3
3
4
5
5
5
0
4
0
5
5
5
5
4
4
0
4
5
4
0
2
0
5
4
0
4
0
5
4
5
0
4
5
3
2
0
5
1
4
1
4
5
4
4
2
4
2
2
4
0
2
0
0
4
5
2
0
3
5
2
5
4
1
0
3
5
3
5
3
3
5
2
0
5
0
3
0
2
5
0
4
4
2
1
0
2
3
1
4
5
2
4
2
1
5
5
0
3
5
3
5
1
3
3
5
5
0
5
3
4
1
0
1
4
4
4
2
4
0
4
5
5
3
5
0
0
0
5
5
2
4
5
3
5
5
0
0
5
3
2
5
2
3
5
5
4
3
4
0
4
0
5
4
1
3
4
5
3
5
3
0
4
5
3
0
0
3
5
3
3
4
0
1
3
5
2
0
4
5
4
3
5
0
0
5
4
2
3
5
1
1
0
0
4
3
2
0
5
0
5
3
4
2
2
5
4
5
3
4
5
3
3
5
5
3
0
5
1
1
2
2
1
0
5
4
2
5
0
0
5
2
3
5
4
3
4
5
0
3
3
3
5
5
4
5
5
5
1
5
1
5
2
1
3
5
5
0
2
5
5
3
0
5
0
0
0
5
0
5
0
4
5
5
5
5
5
0
2
3
1
4
0
3
5
5
1
4
0
3
0
4
5
0
3
5
5
4
3
2
4
1
4
2
2
4
0
5
4
1
4
3
5
1
5
5
5
3
5
3
5
4
5
0
5
5
5
3
5
5
3
4
5
4
5
1
3
4
5
1
4
5
3
5
0
5
1
5
5
4
0
4
5
3
0
5
4
5
5
0
5
3
4
2
5
5
3
0
5
5
5
5
5
4
5
5
1
5
0
2
4
0
5
5
5
3
3
4
5
1
2
5
4
3
3
5
5
0
5
0
5
4
4
5
3
1
4
0
5
3
5
5
4
5
0
0
5
3
5
5
3
1
5
0
5
0
4
5
4
1
1
5
5
2
5
3
3
5
5
2
0
0
5
2
2
0
4
5
5
4
4
2
5
5
0
0
4
5
4
5
5
3
4
5
0
2
0
0
5
5
0
5
0
0
4
5
0
3
4
0
4
5
5
5
4
4
4
1
1
4
4
3
2
5
5
4
5
0
5
4
3
5
5
3
5
5
3
3
0
4
5
4
1
5
5
1
3
1
0
3
3
4
5
0
4
5
1
1
5
0
5
0
5
5
5
5
1
5
5
5
0
5
5
2
5
4
5
2
3
5
0
5
5
5
4
0
4
0
5
1
3
5
5
5
2
4
5
4
0
5
5
2
5
5
3
4
5
0
1
3
3
1
5
5
0
0
5
2
0
5
0
5
5
2
4
5
5
5
4
3
4
0
5
5
3
5
5
1
4
3
5
3
5
5
0
5
5
5
2
5
5
5
5
1
5
4
4
5
0
0
2
5
5
0
0
0
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
4
5
5
5
5
5
0
5
5
4
5
0
5
3
2
5
5
3
5
4
4
0
1
5
5
5
5
5
0
Answer 2
8%
0
0
5
0
5
4
3
2
1
0
3
5
0
5
4
5
0
1
4
5
3
0
1
3
0
2
5
5
3
5
0
1
0
3
4
3
2
0
5
5
5
0
3
3
1
4
0
4
1
0
0
0
2
5
2
5
2
4
5
5
0
5
5
1
4
5
5
0
1
0
4
5
4
5
0
5
2
0
4
3
3
3
5
3
4
4
3
4
4
5
5
0
3
0
0
4
2
0
3
5
3
1
1
0
5
4
0
5
5
4
0
0
5
4
4
2
0
0
4
5
4
2
1
0
3
3
3
1
2
1
0
2
4
0
2
0
0
0
2
3
2
5
2
0
1
5
0
4
0
0
2
4
5
4
5
4
3
0
0
5
1
0
5
1
3
2
1
0
3
0
2
5
0
0
2
0
4
5
0
1
5
3
0
5
1
5
2
0
0
0
5
5
0
1
1
5
1
3
2
3
1
1
4
4
5
4
1
0
3
0
1
2
4
2
5
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
3
3
0
0
0
4
1
3
0
3
1
1
5
1
0
5
3
5
0
5
3
5
5
3
3
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
1
5
5
3
0
1
5
1
2
5
2
0
4
5
2
4
0
0
5
2
3
2
0
5
3
0
2
0
0
3
0
5
0
4
4
3
4
0
2
5
4
3
5
1
0
0
5
2
0
4
2
1
5
0
0
3
1
3
0
1
3
1
0
2
3
4
0
0
5
5
0
4
3
3
3
2
3
5
5
1
2
1
0
5
5
3
0
4
0
5
1
3
5
3
3
2
5
5
3
4
3
5
1
5
5
3
2
5
4
3
0
0
5
0
5
0
4
2
1
5
0
0
1
5
0
0
5
1
1
1
2
5
3
0
2
2
1
1
5
3
0
5
1
0
3
0
1
2
0
1
2
0
2
1
3
2
0
1
4
0
5
3
4
0
0
4
4
5
0
3
2
1
4
0
5
5
3
1
3
3
5
2
0
5
5
2
1
0
0
3
5
0
5
5
2
4
0
2
0
2
2
3
0
1
3
4
1
2
0
2
0
3
2
0
0
2
3
0
0
5
0
2
4
5
5
4
4
2
3
2
0
1
0
0
3
1
0
2
3
0
5
5
1
0
5
1
2
3
0
2
5
5
2
0
4
3
4
5
5
0
0
5
0
4
2
3
4
4
2
0
0
0
3
3
5
4
0
5
4
5
3
3
3
1
4
1
4
1
0
0
0
4
4
2
5
1
2
5
5
0
5
0
0
5
0
5
5
0
1
0
5
3
0
0
5
0
1
4
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
0
0
5
3
1
2
5
0
1
4
5
0
5
2
1
4
5
2
5
5
5
5
0
3
5
5
5
1
2
1
5
4
5
3
1
5
3
2
1
5
1
0
0
5
4
2
0
1
1
0
0
3
0
2
0
2
3
0
3
5
2
1
1
3
3
2
5
3
4
3
4
3
1
0
4
3
2
5
0
1
5
1
2
4
1
4
2
0
2
4
2
2
0
2
4
2
1
3
5
3
4
1
1
3
3
4
3
5
0
1
3
3
0
4
2
2
5
0
3
4
5
4
1
1
5
0
3
2
5
1
2
5
5
0
3
4
5
3
2
1
4
3
3
0
1
4
0
4
0
3
0
3
3
1
4
4
5
0
1
5
5
3
5
4
0
5
1
2
0
1
5
5
5
4
1
0
0
1
5
1
0
5
2
5
1
5
3
2
3
0
5
2
2
1
3
4
0
0
3
0
3
1
1
5
0
2
4
0
0
0
4
2
1
5
2
5
1
4
5
0
4
0
0
1
4
1
0
0
5
0
5
2
4
0
1
3
1
1
3
4
0
1
4
4
4
5
2
0
0
1
0
3
4
5
0
5
2
5
0
0
1
4
5
5
4
5
3
5
0
5
0
3
0
0
4
3
5
5
0
3
3
3
4
0
2
2
5
5
5
3
3
0
3
5
4
0
5
0
0
4
5
3
5
2
1
2
3
4
5
5
3
0
5
5
5
5
0
3
4
1
2
0
1
5
0
2
5
1
2
2
2
3
4
0
0
2
4
0
5
2
3
3
5
0
3
4
0
1
3
0
5
0
0
2
3
0
0
5
3
0
3
0
4
5
2
0
4
5
3
4
0
5
0
4
1
0
1
4
1
1
3
2
0
1
4
0
5
0
4
4
0
2
2
1
0
0
0
4
4
4
5
1
5
0
0
0
2
1
2
3
2
5
1
2
0
3
3
0
3
0
2
4
0
5
0
5
4
3
2
1
0
3
0
5
5
2
1
0
4
5
2
2
4
5
3
5
3
1
4
1
0
1
0
0
3
0
5
2
5
4
1
4
3
0
3
3
0
0
4
4
3
2
4
0
5
1
1
0
4
5
0
2
3
0
2
3
2
5
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
4
5
3
4
2
0
0
5
3
0
1
0
3
1
0
5
2
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
4
5
1
5
0
0
1
1
0
4
1
2
3
0
0
4
4
1
0
0
4
0
5
3
0
2
5
5
0
4
3
2
3
5
5
4
5
3
0
0
3
4
1
2
3
3
3
5
3
0
2
0
0
4
2
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
3
5
2
3
4
1
1
2
1
3
1
5
5
3
0
3
5
5
2
0
4
2
5
5
2
5
2
0
0
2
1
0
3
2
5
5
3
1
5
1
0
5
1
1
0
5
0
3
1
5
0
2
1
2
5
3
5
2
3
5
1
0
3
2
3
5
1
5
5
3
3
2
4
4
0
0
3
2
1
0
3
4
4
0
0
5
3
3
0
2
0
0
4
2
5
2
4
4
5
4
0
4
4
5
5
5
0
4
2
0
0
5
4
5
3
4
0
5
5
2
4
1
0
3
4
5
2
2
2
2
1
1
5
2
0
4
5
2
3
4
4
3
4
3
0
5
5
5
4
1
2
5
3
4
1
5
5
0
3
0
3
1
4
0
0
0
5
4
1
3
3
4
0
5
5
0
5
4
1
5
0
3
0
1
3
0
0
2
5
5
3
3
5
5
0
4
0
4
0
5
0
5
0
2
5
5
0
5
4
0
3
0
0
1
0
2
0
2
4
0
3
2
0
4
4
3
1
4
2
0
0
3
2
3
3
5
3
3
4
5
5
0
3
2
3
5
5
3
2
0
1
5
2
3
4
3
3
4
0
3
3
1
1
3
2
3
0
4
3
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
5
0
4
1
3
3
5
5
0
5
0
3
3
2
0
5
3
0
5
3
4
4
1
1
5
0
1
5
0
2
0
0
0
4
1
5
5
1
0
5
0
5
5
0
2
5
4
2
1
5
5
3
3
5
1
5
5
0
5
1
4
3
4
5
0
4
0
2
2
0
0
3
4
0
1
3
0
2
2
2
3
1
0
3
5
3
4
4
0
0
4
4
1
5
1
2
3
0
4
1
4
2
0
3
3
4
0
5
1
0
2
3
2
1
0
4
1
0
4
4
1
3
0
3
0
2
4
5
5
2
4
1
5
5
1
2
5
2
0
0
0
1
0
0
3
0
3
4
2
3
5
3
5
1
2
2
1
4
1
5
0
3
5
5
2
5
1
5
2
4
3
0
0
4
1
2
5
0
2
5
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
2
0
5
1
3
3
2
3
2
2
1
4
0
5
4
4
0
0
0
3
0
5
1
0
0
3
1
3
0
1
0
3
2
3
2
5
1
1
4
0
5
3
0
5
2
5
5
1
1
3
5
0
4
2
4
5
3
1
4
1
4
0
2
0
1
5
5
4
5
4
5
0
0
0
5
3
3
3
4
4
0
0
3
3
0
1
0
0
0
3
5
0
0
5
2
0
3
2
1
3
5
5
5
2
1
5
0
5
0
5
4
5
0
1
0
0
0
0
4
1
2
4
0
3
5
4
2
2
3
0
0
4
3
4
2
5
5
3
5
5
5
0
3
2
4
3
3
2
5
1
2
0
5
5
3
0
0
0
1
2
0
2
4
5
0
3
0
2
0
2
0
4
0
1
3
5
4
3
1
1
0
0
3
3
5
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
3
1
2
0
2
0
2
4
3
3
3
3
2
5
5
2
1
0
2
0
2
3
3
3
0
3
3
0
1
3
2
2
2
4
4
2
0
0
1
0
5
1
2
4
2
1
1
2
3
0
3
4
5
4
3
4
3
2
3
5
0
4
4
3
0
5
1
1
4
3
5
5
0
0
0
5
1
0
3
5
4
0
0
5
5
0
1
0
3
3
0
0
3
0
1
3
5
1
5
2
0
1
1
3
0
3
5
5
1
4
5
0
0
2
0
1
5
0
5
0
3
4
1
0
0
1
3
5
5
3
0
0
4
5
4
5
0
0
4
0
5
1
0
2
1
5
0
1
0
5
3
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
4
3
3
3
3
2
0
0
5
5
1
5
0
3
0
5
2
4
3
4
3
1
5
0
3
5
5
5
0
4
3
0
1
3
5
5
4
5
0
1
5
5
0
1
3
1
0
3
5
4
1
1
5
5
4
0
2
0
3
1
5
0
4
0
5
5
4
0
0
4
5
0
3
3
4
0
3
4
0
4
5
0
0
5
5
1
2
2
0
2
1
0
3
0
1
0
1
4
0
5
0
5
4
0
5
4
2
4
1
3
3
0
0
2
1
1
4
3
5
4
5
1
5
0
2
0
2
3
4
3
5
5
3
4
1
0
0
0
2
3
3
2
0
0
1
0
2
3
5
2
5
5
5
0
0
4
1
3
0
5
3
4
1
0
0
5
5
0
1
3
0
1
3
0
2
4
4
5
2
3
3
1
1
3
5
3
4
5
0
3
1
5
0
2
2
0
0
5
5
5
0
0
0
0
4
1
0
0
2
2
0
2
0
2
0
4
2
3
2
0
3
2
1
5
2
5
2
3
5
0
2
3
5
5
3
0
2
3
2
3
2
3
1
2
0
0
0
4
3
3
0
5
0
0
4
2
5
1
0
3
5
0
4
3
0
4
1
4
2
5
2
4
3
5
4
5
0
2
5
5
3
2
5
3
0
1
1
5
1
5
0
0
3
3
4
2
2
5
0
0
5
3
3
0
5
2
5
5
5
5
2
0
5
4
5
1
5
3
5
0
1
3
0
3
5
1
0
3
0
5
0
2
0
2
0
0
3
4
0
0
5
0
1
4
3
3
4
5
0
4
4
3
4
4
5
4
5
5
4
5
5
4
5
5
4
2
5
5
3
0
2
2
2
4
5
3
3
1
4
3
5
2
0
5
3
0
5
2
2
5
5
4
0
3
3
2
1
0
0
4
5
0
1
3
5
4
0
3
3
5
0
3
5
5
4
2
5
4
0
5
1
1
0
3
0
3
0
4
2
5
0
0
4
1
0
4
2
2
3
0
3
5
5
5
2
0
3
2
5
1
3
5
1
4
5
4
2
0
5
3
5
1
1
4
4
5
0
4
3
0
5
5
5
0
0
2
5
5
0
3
4
0
2
1
2
3
2
5
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
3
4
5
2
4
2
5
4
3
3
0
5
1
5
0
5
0
1
3
2
5
3
2
3
1
5
4
5
5
5
1
2
1
4
4
1
5
0
3
5
5
0
2
3
5
0
2
5
4
2
5
2
5
1
0
5
3
1
1
0
3
2
0
0
1
5
4
3
5
3
2
3
2
5
1
4
5
2
5
5
4
0
3
1
5
0
3
0
4
3
0
2
2
0
4
0
1
2
1
3
0
1
0
5
1
4
5
4
3
0
1
0
0
5
5
4
4
0
3
0
0
5
5
5
0
4
4
3
5
5
5
0
1
3
0
5
3
2
5
1
2
4
0
5
5
5
3
5
0
0
3
0
2
5
0
5
5
1
4
3
5
5
5
0
1
5
2
3
5
1
0
0
1
0
3
0
4
3
5
5
5
0
5
4
3
0
0
5
3
5
5
1
5
5
0
0
2
0
5
0
4
0
4
3
4
0
2
2
2
4
0
2
1
3
0
5
0
0
0
3
5
3
0
1
0
0
0
2
3
0
4
3
5
0
3
5
3
3
1
5
0
0
5
5
3
4
3
5
5
1
2
0
5
0
0
2
3
0
0
2
2
3
3
0
4
5
0
0
1
4
5
2
0
0
0
1
2
2
2
4
0
0
0
2
0
2
0
0
5
0
0
5
5
3
5
1
3
0
0
3
4
3
5
0
5
5
5
3
5
3
2
5
3
3
5
1
4
1
0
2
3
3
3
4
5
5
4
0
3
1
2
3
0
0
3
0
3
4
3
4
1
5
4
0
0
2
4
2
1
3
5
2
2
1
5
5
1
3
0
3
3
0
0
5
0
1
1
5
0
1
5
0
3
3
4
0
0
1
5
2
0
1
0
1
5
0
0
3
1
4
0
0
3
5
3
1
0
4
1
3
5
5
2
3
5
1
4
0
4
0
2
3
3
3
0
2
2
3
1
4
0
0
0
5
1
0
1
1
4
5
1
5
0
0
4
5
3
2
3
1
5
4
5
5
0
1
4
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
4
4
2
2
4
5
5
1
1
5
0
0
5
3
2
3
2
0
0
1
5
0
5
5
0
5
5
2
0
2
3
1
5
1
4
1
5
4
5
5
4
1
5
3
4
3
5
0
4
3
5
4
0
1
3
0
0
0
2
0
0
5
2
0
5
5
3
2
0
4
4
1
5
1
1
3
5
5
3
0
0
0
2
0
0
3
3
0
0
0
4
1
0
1
3
2
3
1
0
0
5
4
3
5
3
5
2
0
3
3
4
5
1
0
1
0
5
2
1
4
2
2
1
0
2
0
2
4
0
3
5
0
3
3
0
1
5
1
5
5
5
0
1
3
3
3
4
4
2
2
0
0
4
0
3
5
3
0
0
3
5
3
1
3
2
3
3
2
4
4
1
5
5
5
5
5
2
2
2
2
4
0
0
2
5
0
1
2
5
4
5
4
5
3
1
5
3
0
5
0
4
0
2
3
2
0
1
0
0
2
0
0
4
2
3
3
4
1
1
3
3
0
5
4
5
2
1
2
4
5
0
4
3
3
5
0
3
5
5
5
5
3
0
5
3
2
5
0
0
4
1
2
4
2
4
0
5
2
3
5
5
2
5
1
3
0
1
2
3
5
1
2
3
2
0
4
1
3
4
0
4
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
3
5
4
5
5
5
4
3
2
0
0
5
5
4
5
4
4
2
1
5
4
5
1
0
5
3
4
4
0
0
2
2
5
0
5
5
0
3
2
5
1
5
0
1
2
5
1
3
0
3
5
0
5
2
2
1
1
0
0
1
0
2
2
5
4
0
3
0
4
0
0
3
5
0
0
2
5
5
5
3
0
0
3
0
3
3
0
2
1
2
0
0
0
3
0
5
0
4
0
5
1
5
5
5
1
0
1
4
5
2
2
0
0
3
0
1
2
3
3
0
0
5
5
3
5
0
0
0
2
5
0
0
0
5
3
5
2
1
5
5
0
5
3
2
0
3
5
0
1
0
0
3
1
5
1
1
4
2
3
0
5
0
0
5
3
4
5
0
0
4
3
0
0
3
0
3
2
5
2
3
2
5
5
1
3
0
1
4
4
3
1
2
4
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
5
0
0
3
4
1
3
2
3
2
3
3
5
3
0
3
2
0
2
3
3
2
2
5
0
1
0
1
1
0
5
2
4
3
5
3
0
3
0
0
0
2
1
1
5
2
0
5
3
2
0
4
5
4
5
2
4
0
1
0
5
3
2
0
1
5
2
0
4
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
1
4
3
3
5
2
3
0
4
0
4
0
3
0
0
3
0
3
5
0
2
3
0
2
4
2
2
5
2
3
4
3
1
4
3
0
3
0
5
4
1
3
5
0
2
4
5
5
4
3
2
4
2
3
5
0
0
0
3
2
0
4
2
0
1
3
1
3
5
0
3
4
5
5
0
5
0
0
0
3
2
0
2
5
3
2
0
0
5
0
0
5
5
0
5
3
0
4
0
0
5
5
3
4
0
3
2
1
0
5
0
3
0
5
5
2
2
0
5
1
2
3
5
4
3
3
3
2
5
3
5
1
0
4
5
5
2
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
2
2
1
1
4
1
3
0
3
0
0
2
4
2
2
3
5
4
5
2
4
0
4
3
5
4
0
5
1
0
3
0
3
0
5
1
3
4
4
2
4
0
0
0
0
0
3
3
5
4
3
3
1
0
5
4
1
4
5
3
0
0
1
0
3
4
0
1
4
0
0
0
5
0
4
5
5
0
2
0
0
3
4
1
3
3
0
1
3
3
0
4
4
5
0
5
0
4
0
1
5
4
3
3
0
0
3
5
5
0
0
0
5
0
5
5
5
0
5
5
2
5
0
0
4
3
1
4
5
2
5
0
0
2
2
3
3
2
4
4
5
5
1
5
4
5
4
5
0
Answer 3
7%
3
0
0
0
0
0
3
3
1
0
3
0
5
5
5
1
1
0
2
3
3
5
0
1
0
5
3
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
3
2
0
4
3
2
5
0
1
4
1
1
1
4
2
0
0
0
2
2
3
4
5
4
5
5
0
5
0
0
2
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
3
4
1
2
2
2
0
4
0
3
3
0
3
3
1
0
3
3
2
2
0
2
0
4
4
3
2
1
0
4
0
4
3
3
0
0
3
3
2
0
3
0
0
5
4
5
3
0
0
2
5
3
1
2
1
0
0
2
1
2
0
3
0
1
0
2
5
3
0
0
0
0
3
3
0
5
4
2
5
4
5
4
2
0
0
2
4
0
2
1
3
0
0
2
0
3
5
0
0
4
0
2
2
0
1
5
3
5
5
0
2
1
0
0
3
1
4
0
2
3
2
0
1
3
2
3
0
0
4
4
0
2
0
2
0
1
1
2
3
3
4
5
0
4
1
0
0
0
2
3
3
3
0
2
0
5
2
2
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
3
1
5
3
2
5
0
5
4
0
0
0
2
4
0
0
4
5
2
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
2
0
2
1
5
1
0
1
4
1
3
0
2
3
3
2
4
0
0
0
0
1
5
0
5
5
4
0
2
2
0
3
0
0
4
3
3
5
3
2
0
4
4
0
1
0
0
5
0
2
2
1
0
0
1
5
0
0
4
0
2
0
3
5
5
3
4
0
2
0
5
4
3
2
3
4
1
3
3
3
1
0
1
0
3
1
3
5
0
2
3
2
5
5
3
2
5
4
3
1
0
1
4
2
0
0
0
5
2
4
0
3
2
1
4
0
4
1
1
0
0
5
2
1
4
4
5
4
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5
4
0
4
4
0
3
2
4
0
1
0
5
1
0
2
2
2
0
3
3
3
1
0
0
0
4
0
0
1
2
5
2
4
1
1
2
3
5
4
3
5
0
0
2
5
5
0
0
3
2
5
0
3
0
4
0
5
2
2
2
3
3
5
0
0
5
3
2
2
4
2
5
0
3
3
4
0
4
0
3
1
5
5
1
0
5
0
3
1
0
0
2
0
4
1
0
2
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
1
5
4
3
0
4
2
3
3
5
0
4
4
0
5
5
0
3
3
2
5
5
2
0
0
1
5
0
2
0
3
0
5
0
0
3
3
4
2
1
2
2
0
1
1
3
2
2
0
3
3
0
4
1
0
2
4
0
3
0
1
3
5
0
4
0
0
5
5
0
0
0
4
3
0
2
2
1
4
2
0
0
2
0
2
5
0
3
1
0
5
5
4
2
0
3
0
4
0
5
4
1
4
4
1
0
1
0
4
4
3
0
0
4
0
0
2
2
1
0
4
0
3
1
0
5
0
0
1
3
0
4
0
4
2
0
2
2
5
5
5
2
0
3
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
3
0
3
0
3
4
3
3
3
5
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
3
3
0
0
0
0
1
0
5
0
4
0
4
3
1
2
0
0
0
2
0
0
5
2
0
0
3
0
4
0
0
0
5
0
1
3
4
0
3
3
5
0
1
3
4
4
0
2
5
0
3
1
2
0
2
0
0
1
0
1
4
2
0
1
2
2
3
3
5
3
1
0
0
2
3
0
4
2
0
3
3
5
0
2
2
5
3
0
2
4
5
0
0
2
4
0
2
3
5
0
4
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
2
0
1
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
2
0
0
3
1
2
0
0
0
3
3
2
5
2
4
3
3
2
1
0
0
2
0
4
3
2
3
2
0
4
0
4
5
4
0
0
2
0
5
5
1
2
4
3
5
0
3
4
0
2
4
0
2
5
0
0
3
4
0
0
0
0
5
2
3
0
0
5
5
0
3
0
0
5
0
0
3
0
0
5
3
0
3
0
4
0
3
3
2
0
0
2
3
0
0
0
1
0
5
0
3
0
0
1
1
1
4
2
0
0
0
2
4
0
0
3
1
1
4
3
4
2
1
0
0
1
0
4
0
3
5
1
1
3
0
3
0
4
0
0
4
2
5
2
2
0
0
0
5
2
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
4
0
3
0
5
0
0
0
4
2
0
2
4
0
0
0
0
0
4
3
3
3
5
1
4
0
0
4
3
2
5
3
0
0
3
0
5
3
0
2
3
0
0
0
5
0
3
1
4
5
2
0
0
4
3
3
1
4
0
1
3
3
0
0
1
4
0
3
0
3
2
2
0
2
5
2
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
2
4
1
3
0
0
1
3
3
4
5
4
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
3
2
3
5
1
5
3
3
3
0
0
Answer 4
8%
3
0
5
0
0
2
4
0
1
0
4
4
0
3
0
0
2
3
0
3
4
0
0
4
4
2
4
3
4
0
0
1
3
4
4
5
0
0
2
5
3
0
5
3
2
4
4
5
5
0
0
0
2
5
1
4
2
3
3
3
4
4
0
5
2
0
5
2
0
3
0
0
4
0
2
2
0
3
3
3
3
0
4
3
3
5
0
5
3
2
1
0
4
0
4
0
4
0
3
3
0
1
0
4
4
0
3
3
4
0
5
5
5
5
0
1
0
0
1
3
3
5
2
0
5
1
1
0
3
4
4
1
2
1
4
3
0
4
4
0
2
5
2
0
4
1
0
3
0
0
0
3
5
4
0
4
2
0
0
0
1
0
3
2
0
4
3
5
1
0
4
1
5
0
5
5
4
4
0
3
5
3
0
5
1
2
2
0
3
2
2
2
2
4
0
4
5
5
2
4
2
0
0
4
5
0
5
3
2
0
5
0
1
4
4
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
5
5
0
4
1
3
5
3
5
0
2
4
1
0
5
5
3
5
0
4
3
0
5
0
0
1
0
3
3
4
0
0
4
4
2
3
0
0
0
0
0
5
2
0
1
2
4
2
2
5
2
2
1
0
2
0
4
2
4
1
1
0
4
5
0
0
3
5
0
0
3
4
3
4
4
1
5
0
1
0
1
5
0
4
5
3
5
0
1
3
5
0
5
1
2
0
3
0
1
0
3
1
4
5
4
3
5
0
1
2
4
5
3
0
3
5
3
4
2
3
3
5
5
0
4
3
0
4
3
3
3
4
3
3
2
1
2
3
5
4
2
1
2
3
4
3
2
0
0
5
3
5
0
3
5
5
0
2
2
2
5
0
1
4
3
0
1
3
0
0
2
3
3
2
1
0
4
0
4
1
5
1
0
4
1
1
2
2
0
0
0
2
3
3
3
2
0
2
0
0
3
5
5
2
5
2
5
1
1
4
4
5
5
4
5
0
1
3
2
0
5
0
3
1
4
4
1
0
0
5
0
2
5
0
4
0
0
2
0
3
0
4
5
3
3
0
1
1
2
4
0
3
1
0
0
4
2
0
2
0
0
0
3
0
5
4
5
0
3
4
0
4
3
0
3
5
0
4
4
0
0
3
0
4
4
3
1
0
3
3
1
0
2
3
5
0
4
5
5
5
4
2
3
2
0
4
0
3
0
4
0
4
3
4
5
3
3
5
4
0
3
5
1
3
0
0
0
0
5
5
1
2
5
4
5
3
0
3
1
0
3
0
0
4
0
5
4
0
2
1
0
5
4
5
5
0
0
2
0
3
0
4
4
4
0
0
3
0
4
2
5
0
5
4
0
4
1
3
4
0
0
4
5
0
5
1
3
5
5
0
2
0
0
5
3
0
3
5
3
1
1
2
3
3
2
4
0
1
2
2
0
1
3
0
0
4
0
2
1
3
5
0
4
1
0
1
1
0
0
4
0
3
2
4
1
0
4
0
4
0
3
3
0
5
3
3
0
2
5
3
4
0
5
0
3
1
2
4
2
0
3
3
2
0
4
4
4
4
2
4
2
0
0
0
1
2
2
3
1
3
1
0
2
3
0
0
0
5
3
0
0
5
4
3
3
1
5
5
1
4
3
1
3
4
3
0
0
4
4
3
0
5
4
5
0
5
0
5
0
0
5
2
4
5
4
3
2
3
1
5
5
0
4
3
0
4
4
3
2
0
0
2
4
5
0
0
4
2
1
2
5
0
0
5
3
0
4
0
2
3
1
3
3
0
3
5
0
0
5
3
0
0
1
1
1
3
0
3
2
5
5
3
3
0
0
0
0
1
5
4
3
0
5
0
4
0
2
2
3
3
5
2
1
3
4
5
3
5
0
3
2
5
0
2
2
3
5
3
2
3
5
1
0
1
1
5
4
4
5
5
2
5
0
3
0
5
0
0
3
3
5
5
0
0
3
4
0
1
4
3
4
0
3
3
0
0
3
0
5
0
3
0
0
2
5
1
1
0
3
2
4
0
5
5
1
1
5
5
1
3
0
3
0
4
5
2
3
3
4
4
1
0
3
3
1
5
3
0
0
0
5
3
0
2
1
0
4
5
1
5
0
3
4
0
0
5
0
0
5
0
0
3
0
5
0
3
5
2
4
2
2
4
1
0
5
0
5
2
1
0
5
4
3
0
1
2
3
2
3
0
4
0
4
3
0
3
4
4
4
0
0
1
1
2
2
2
2
4
5
5
5
5
2
3
0
0
1
4
0
5
5
0
5
4
3
3
3
2
0
5
5
1
5
2
0
3
0
3
3
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
5
0
5
5
0
0
1
3
0
3
0
1
0
0
3
1
0
1
5
3
1
0
4
5
0
2
4
5
0
3
3
2
0
5
3
0
0
3
0
2
2
0
0
3
4
5
4
3
2
0
0
4
0
5
2
5
5
5
0
4
3
0
4
2
2
3
5
0
4
0
2
4
0
1
2
2
5
2
3
0
1
5
3
2
4
4
1
5
1
3
1
5
3
1
3
4
5
2
0
0
3
0
3
1
0
3
3
5
5
5
3
4
3
0
2
0
5
3
5
0
3
2
3
3
0
4
2
3
5
0
0
0
0
0
3
1
4
0
0
4
0
0
0
4
2
3
4
1
2
4
5
0
2
5
1
2
3
2
5
4
3
3
4
5
5
5
2
3
4
0
3
3
3
1
3
0
0
5
0
1
0
3
5
5
1
5
0
0
5
3
4
4
0
4
5
1
5
2
2
2
0
2
2
0
3
3
5
3
1
4
5
4
2
4
3
5
5
0
2
3
1
1
3
2
2
2
4
3
3
5
2
3
0
2
4
3
1
5
2
0
4
5
0
1
3
4
5
4
0
5
3
2
0
3
2
5
3
0
0
0
5
0
3
0
1
2
5
3
5
1
2
4
1
5
3
3
4
5
2
1
4
2
0
0
3
3
0
0
2
5
2
4
3
5
1
3
0
4
1
0
0
4
4
5
2
0
0
0
3
5
5
3
5
0
0
3
5
0
3
3
0
3
1
2
0
1
4
5
5
5
3
4
0
2
2
0
2
4
0
2
2
1
5
3
5
5
2
4
0
1
4
0
4
0
3
2
1
2
0
2
0
5
2
3
0
0
0
5
1
2
5
0
5
2
4
4
2
3
0
3
0
3
5
0
4
2
5
0
3
2
1
0
4
2
4
3
5
3
5
2
0
2
2
3
1
4
1
5
0
4
4
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
2
4
3
2
4
4
5
5
1
4
3
2
5
1
3
0
0
3
3
2
3
4
1
3
0
0
1
5
0
5
0
0
5
4
4
5
4
2
0
5
3
1
5
0
3
2
2
1
0
0
3
5
3
5
4
4
3
0
4
1
1
4
4
3
0
0
1
0
3
3
0
5
3
0
4
3
2
3
3
2
2
4
3
2
5
3
2
4
0
0
4
0
5
3
3
2
5
3
5
2
3
4
3
2
1
5
0
5
2
0
0
0
3
2
0
3
5
0
3
3
1
3
0
5
0
5
0
3
4
4
2
3
2
5
3
1
5
3
2
0
0
2
0
2
4
2
4
5
5
5
2
3
5
4
1
1
1
2
0
3
3
3
0
3
4
3
2
3
0
2
2
4
0
4
3
0
3
5
4
0
3
0
0
3
4
5
0
3
1
0
3
4
0
0
0
1
2
0
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
5
5
5
5
3
1
3
0
0
1
0
0
1
3
2
0
3
0
5
2
5
1
3
4
1
3
0
4
0
2
0
4
5
5
4
0
4
0
3
1
2
1
3
0
1
2
2
5
5
3
0
4
2
5
2
0
5
3
0
5
5
3
0
3
1
1
3
0
3
4
5
3
4
0
0
4
4
3
0
0
4
4
5
3
3
3
4
5
5
5
4
0
3
0
2
1
2
0
4
0
4
0
0
0
3
3
4
2
4
0
2
3
3
1
5
0
5
3
2
2
4
3
5
4
5
5
3
1
2
2
4
4
2
3
2
5
5
3
0
5
2
4
5
5
4
4
4
4
0
2
0
0
3
1
2
4
3
0
4
1
0
2
3
3
0
4
1
3
0
3
3
0
1
0
3
0
0
1
0
3
3
2
0
0
0
3
4
4
4
4
5
0
0
4
4
3
1
4
1
4
0
2
2
0
4
4
0
1
3
3
3
0
1
3
2
3
4
5
0
1
1
4
0
2
3
3
4
4
0
0
5
0
2
1
5
5
3
5
0
0
5
3
0
0
4
2
0
5
2
0
5
0
5
5
5
3
0
1
1
4
3
0
5
3
0
1
0
1
4
0
0
0
0
4
5
3
3
2
5
3
4
0
3
0
1
5
2
2
3
3
3
4
0
0
1
4
0
0
2
4
4
0
0
3
4
3
5
4
3
3
4
5
4
5
1
4
0
2
5
3
3
3
2
0
0
0
3
0
3
4
0
5
0
2
0
0
4
5
0
4
0
5
2
1
0
0
5
2
4
0
4
0
0
4
2
4
3
3
2
0
0
0
3
3
3
0
2
1
2
0
3
4
0
2
2
0
0
0
5
0
0
3
1
2
2
2
5
1
2
5
3
4
5
2
5
2
3
1
1
0
0
2
2
5
4
4
3
4
1
3
2
4
0
4
5
1
3
4
5
0
5
3
4
0
2
0
5
4
0
1
4
0
5
3
3
3
5
0
0
2
0
1
2
4
0
3
0
0
0
4
4
2
0
3
3
3
3
3
0
5
0
1
5
3
4
3
4
5
0
3
4
3
0
0
0
3
4
2
0
0
0
5
0
5
1
0
3
0
3
5
0
0
1
1
4
4
1
5
3
5
0
0
3
1
0
1
2
1
0
5
0
5
5
0
2
1
1
3
1
3
2
0
4
3
0
2
2
4
2
3
2
0
5
0
1
5
1
0
0
0
4
3
4
1
0
3
3
3
2
3
2
0
0
1
0
0
0
5
2
2
3
4
2
4
0
1
3
4
3
4
2
3
0
2
2
5
3
4
3
3
0
4
0
5
2
0
3
0
2
0
0
2
1
3
4
3
2
2
0
0
1
0
4
0
1
3
2
3
4
5
4
3
3
3
2
5
4
4
0
5
0
3
1
3
4
3
4
0
4
5
2
3
5
0
5
3
0
5
2
5
2
0
3
0
5
3
0
3
2
3
0
5
4
4
4
3
0
2
0
0
2
4
1
0
3
3
1
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
2
1
0
3
4
3
3
3
4
3
3
4
3
0
3
0
1
5
3
1
4
0
3
5
0
5
5
2
1
2
5
2
0
0
4
0
3
5
5
0
1
3
1
5
4
0
1
1
0
4
0
5
0
3
4
3
0
3
4
3
0
0
3
1
0
0
2
5
4
1
0
4
3
0
4
4
5
2
3
5
4
1
5
0
0
3
5
5
4
1
0
3
3
0
0
4
1
1
4
1
4
4
4
3
0
0
3
3
0
2
5
5
5
0
4
0
4
5
0
5
0
0
3
5
1
5
5
4
2
0
3
2
0
2
3
5
0
1
0
3
3
0
4
3
2
3
0
3
4
0
0
3
5
3
0
0
1
0
5
2
4
1
4
0
5
3
4
0
0
2
1
3
0
3
0
3
4
5
3
5
2
5
4
5
0
0
5
5
0
4
4
1
5
0
3
0
2
2
4
0
3
4
4
0
2
5
5
0
3
3
2
1
2
1
2
3
0
5
0
5
0
0
2
3
0
0
0
0
3
5
1
0
3
2
5
4
5
5
0
0
3
2
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
3
5
5
5
1
3
1
1
4
5
0
0
5
5
0
3
2
3
0
3
0
4
4
0
0
0
0
3
0
2
3
2
1
0
3
3
4
4
3
5
5
0
0
4
4
2
0
3
0
4
1
4
2
4
3
4
5
3
0
5
2
2
1
4
3
4
2
2
3
1
3
4
2
5
3
2
1
5
2
0
0
0
2
2
1
0
3
5
0
4
0
3
5
3
4
3
5
3
4
3
3
4
5
0
4
5
2
5
0
1
0
2
2
1
0
5
0
4
3
2
3
0
1
3
4
0
0
1
2
4
0
3
4
3
1
4
5
0
3
4
5
2
0
2
0
2
0
0
3
5
0
1
4
3
2
3
1
0
1
4
4
3
1
2
1
2
0
0
0
0
2
1
0
5
5
5
5
2
3
0
4
1
0
0
0
5
5
0
5
5
0
0
1
0
2
1
0
4
2
0
4
4
3
5
0
5
0
0
4
0
4
5
3
2
5
3
3
4
5
4
5
4
3
0
1
0
0
3
5
1
2
0
2
0
3
0
5
2
4
1
4
1
0
4
2
4
4
3
3
2
3
0
0
0
2
2
2
5
2
5
5
2
3
3
3
0
3
3
2
4
0
0
0
0
5
0
4
0
1
2
4
5
5
0
0
0
2
4
1
0
2
0
0
1
0
0
3
2
5
0
3
2
5
3
3
2
5
0
5
4
0
5
0
5
4
3
0
4
2
1
5
0
3
0
3
0
0
0
1
3
5
3
5
5
0
3
0
2
0
2
4
0
4
4
4
4
5
2
1
2
4
0
0
2
4
2
0
2
0
5
0
1
0
4
0
2
3
0
3
5
1
1
3
0
0
5
5
3
4
3
0
5
4
5
5
5
0
3
4
3
0
4
3
3
1
4
1
4
3
2
5
5
0
4
1
0
5
0
2
5
0
3
3
2
3
0
4
4
1
1
1
1
0
3
5
2
0
3
5
4
0
0
0
3
1
5
4
3
5
3
4
0
5
0
5
2
4
5
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
0
1
5
2
4
5
0
0
4
3
3
1
3
1
1
2
1
0
4
0
2
3
2
3
5
4
0
2
5
0
0
0
4
0
3
4
0
0
4
0
5
4
0
4
2
1
4
3
5
4
1
5
5
3
3
1
3
2
0
5
0
5
5
5
3
0
0
3
5
3
1
2
4
3
5
4
3
2
0
5
4
5
5
3
1
2
4
3
4
5
0
1
0
0
2
1
0
3
4
5
5
4
2
3
3
4
5
4
3
0
2
3
4
0
5
0
0
1
5
0
0
3
2
5
3
2
4
3
3
0
5
0
0
1
1
5
5
4
0
4
3
5
2
0
3
0
1
0
4
3
0
3
5
2
5
4
0
0
5
2
4
5
5
3
0
4
5
5
3
4
5
0
5
0
1
2
3
2
0
4
2
1
1
3
2
4
0
3
4
0
5
0
0
1
0
0
1
3
4
5
1
5
3
4
5
0
2
0
5
0
3
3
0
5
2
3
3
2
5
0
0
5
4
0
2
5
4
0
3
3
0
4
3
0
5
0
3
3
0
3
3
3
1
4
0
3
5
1
3
2
0
3
3
2
0
0
1
3
0
2
1
5
0
0
4
4
2
0
4
4
0
3
4
1
2
4
0
0
4
2
2
2
0
2
1
1
0
3
1
3
0
3
0
5
0
3
5
4
5
5
3
5
5
5
3
5
5
0
3
2
0
2
3
3
2
1
0
0
1
1
5
0
0
3
3
3
0
4
5
4
4
0
1
1
0
5
0
4
4
4
4
0
0
2
5
0
4
3
5
3
0
1
5
3
3
3
5
0
2
4
2
0
2
0
0
2
3
0
5
1
3
1
0
0
1
0
3
3
3
2
4
0
2
0
2
5
0
3
3
4
5
0
4
3
0
0
0
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
1
3
4
5
2
5
4
0
3
2
4
5
4
4
4
2
3
0
4
3
1
0
1
5
2
4
5
2
2
0
5
3
0
0
5
1
3
0
1
0
2
3
4
0
5
4
2
5
0
4
1
2
2
4
2
3
0
2
5
3
0
4
5
4
3
2
2
0
0
0
0
4
3
5
5
4
2
2
0
4
0
4
1
4
4
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
1
2
0
1
0
5
0
4
3
3
0
5
1
0
5
4
2
5
4
3
2
5
0
5
5
5
0
0
4
5
1
1
3
2
4
5
3
0
0
4
0
0
0
3
4
4
5
1
4
3
0
0
2
0
0
4
5
3
2
5
5
0
2
0
0
5
1
3
5
0
0
0
1
0
1
3
1
0
5
5
5
2
4
3
0
0
4
0
2
0
5
4
3
4
0
0
4
3
2
2
2
1
2
3
4
0
3
5
3
1
3
3
2
3
1
0
0
2
3
5
0
4
1
2
2
0
0
5
5
3
0
4
2
2
4
1
1
0
0
5
2
4
0
0
2
3
3
0
4
5
0
4
0
5
0
5
0
5
3
0
3
3
0
3
4
0
5
4
2
4
0
1
2
1
0
0
2
4
3
5
3
0
0
4
0
0
4
0
3
3
0
0
0
4
5
3
3
3
0
3
0
3
3
5
2
2
2
5
2
5
5
0
3
3
4
3
5
0
2
0
2
3
2
5
4
5
3
2
5
5
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
4
5
3
4
4
5
4
4
3
4
2
5
5
2
4
0
2
2
2
4
1
2
3
2
2
0
1
5
3
4
0
0
0
Answer 5
8%
0
0
5
0
0
0
4
0
1
3
5
0
0
1
5
0
5
2
0
5
2
3
0
3
2
3
3
5
1
0
0
1
4
0
4
5
0
0
2
5
4
2
5
3
4
2
0
4
2
0
5
1
4
3
2
3
5
2
2
2
5
3
0
3
2
0
5
0
0
3
0
0
1
0
5
2
1
0
1
1
2
0
3
0
3
3
0
5
5
1
1
5
2
4
4
0
4
0
1
2
0
0
0
4
4
0
3
3
2
5
5
4
5
2
3
2
5
5
0
2
3
5
0
0
0
1
4
3
2
5
5
3
1
0
5
0
3
3
3
2
4
5
1
0
0
3
0
0
0
4
0
1
2
2
0
0
1
0
4
5
0
5
4
1
0
4
4
0
3
3
5
3
0
3
4
5
3
4
0
3
5
3
0
5
0
3
2
5
3
2
2
4
0
3
3
3
5
3
4
3
1
0
0
5
3
2
0
2
3
0
5
0
1
2
2
3
0
2
4
2
0
0
0
0
1
4
3
2
2
3
4
0
5
3
0
3
2
4
1
1
3
2
5
5
3
3
5
5
3
0
3
1
2
3
3
0
2
3
0
3
5
0
0
0
0
0
5
4
5
0
4
5
2
1
1
0
1
0
0
4
5
2
4
3
2
0
5
4
5
0
0
3
5
3
0
3
3
2
3
0
4
5
2
5
0
2
0
0
3
5
0
3
0
1
5
2
0
1
4
0
3
1
0
1
4
2
0
5
5
4
3
1
5
5
2
4
0
1
1
4
4
1
0
4
1
2
4
1
0
4
2
0
3
3
1
4
2
3
3
5
1
2
5
5
2
1
4
0
0
5
3
0
5
4
5
0
5
0
2
5
5
0
1
0
3
4
3
5
1
2
1
2
3
0
0
0
1
5
3
2
5
4
0
3
0
0
2
0
4
4
2
3
4
0
0
0
3
0
0
4
3
0
4
0
0
0
0
4
3
5
0
5
1
1
3
5
4
0
2
0
2
1
5
2
5
4
5
5
3
3
0
1
3
0
1
0
0
4
0
5
5
4
4
0
2
0
1
3
1
3
0
1
4
1
4
1
0
1
0
0
2
5
3
2
5
0
0
3
0
4
0
4
0
5
0
0
2
4
4
2
4
5
4
2
3
0
4
2
2
4
0
2
0
5
5
0
0
5
2
2
4
3
4
3
3
2
2
3
1
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
3
3
3
4
4
4
0
4
5
0
0
0
3
5
0
3
5
0
0
2
2
2
2
2
4
0
1
3
0
0
2
1
5
3
0
0
5
3
5
4
3
5
3
2
0
3
0
1
0
4
2
0
0
2
0
1
3
4
5
3
3
5
0
3
5
2
0
2
5
5
0
5
0
3
5
4
0
3
0
4
2
5
5
5
5
4
4
3
0
3
0
4
0
1
4
3
2
5
0
5
2
0
4
1
2
0
2
3
0
5
2
0
4
0
0
2
2
0
4
3
5
3
0
4
3
4
0
1
4
3
1
3
0
0
1
5
0
1
0
4
0
1
4
1
3
1
1
4
2
5
3
3
2
5
4
5
0
1
5
0
0
1
4
3
4
3
2
3
0
4
0
5
0
0
3
1
3
0
0
3
5
1
3
5
5
1
2
1
1
3
5
0
0
0
4
1
3
0
4
3
1
4
5
0
2
1
0
5
5
0
5
2
5
3
0
2
5
5
5
0
2
0
5
3
2
0
4
0
3
3
5
2
1
1
2
1
2
3
0
0
3
2
0
1
0
2
3
2
1
4
5
4
0
1
2
4
5
0
5
1
1
1
3
1
4
1
5
1
4
1
0
3
0
0
0
3
2
2
5
5
0
3
2
0
1
1
2
5
0
0
3
5
5
4
3
2
5
3
0
2
2
1
5
2
2
4
3
2
0
5
0
1
4
3
4
2
5
4
4
0
2
0
5
0
5
4
5
5
5
0
4
5
5
0
0
3
4
3
4
2
0
3
4
4
0
5
0
5
0
0
2
4
1
1
4
5
4
3
1
4
5
0
0
5
3
3
3
4
0
2
2
4
0
3
3
0
2
0
5
0
0
0
3
3
5
3
0
5
5
1
3
0
0
4
2
2
2
2
0
2
3
0
5
3
3
5
0
3
2
0
5
3
0
4
2
3
3
5
5
3
0
5
5
5
3
4
0
4
4
1
3
1
2
5
3
2
5
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1
1
5
5
5
0
3
1
3
3
3
3
0
2
3
3
0
3
4
2
5
3
0
3
4
0
2
5
1
5
5
0
4
3
4
0
1
4
5
5
3
0
2
0
3
5
3
5
5
5
0
4
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
2
1
4
3
5
5
0
0
3
3
5
4
4
4
1
5
0
1
1
0
0
1
4
3
5
5
2
5
3
5
0
0
0
Answer 6
6%
4
0
0
0
0
0
5
4
1
0
2
0
5
5
3
0
1
2
0
2
2
5
0
0
0
4
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
5
3
0
0
2
0
5
0
3
3
3
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
2
2
4
5
3
5
5
5
0
4
0
1
3
0
5
0
3
0
0
3
2
0
0
3
1
2
2
2
2
0
4
0
1
2
0
4
5
1
1
3
5
0
0
0
5
0
1
3
3
1
0
0
0
0
5
3
2
0
0
1
5
1
0
1
5
0
4
5
3
1
0
2
1
3
4
2
3
5
0
0
5
1
0
0
0
0
3
0
2
5
5
0
0
3
0
0
3
0
0
3
3
4
0
2
5
3
0
5
4
0
0
3
3
2
0
0
2
0
4
5
0
0
5
0
2
2
0
1
5
1
0
0
0
2
1
0
0
4
1
3
0
3
0
3
0
3
5
5
2
0
0
5
5
0
0
0
2
0
1
3
3
2
5
5
5
0
5
0
0
4
0
3
4
2
4
0
1
0
5
2
2
0
2
0
1
2
1
1
3
5
5
0
4
3
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
5
5
0
0
0
2
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
1
1
2
1
3
4
0
0
5
3
3
4
0
0
0
0
4
5
0
2
0
4
0
3
2
0
3
0
1
5
0
1
0
1
0
0
3
5
0
3
0
0
5
0
0
0
2
1
0
1
3
0
0
5
0
4
0
5
4
5
0
4
1
4
0
5
2
3
0
0
0
4
2
3
4
2
0
3
0
4
3
3
1
4
1
5
1
0
4
3
4
5
0
5
2
0
3
4
2
0
0
0
5
0
3
0
1
3
1
2
0
3
1
5
0
0
3
0
0
2
0
0
5
0
1
2
5
0
2
4
0
2
0
0
2
0
3
5
3
2
4
0
0
1
3
0
0
0
3
0
5
0
4
0
0
5
2
5
0
2
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
4
2
4
4
0
0
0
0
0
4
4
0
5
0
0
4
1
2
5
3
3
4
4
0
0
5
4
5
0
1
3
0
0
0
0
1
3
0
1
4
0
4
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
4
4
0
5
4
4
4
3
3
5
2
5
1
0
4
1
0
2
3
5
1
0
0
4
3
0
1
3
5
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
5
4
4
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
3
0
3
1
2
5
0
1
3
0
5
5
0
0
3
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
3
0
4
1
2
0
4
0
0
0
0
5
1
0
0
3
0
0
3
3
0
3
3
0
0
4
2
2
0
0
3
2
0
5
4
0
2
5
0
5
0
5
1
5
1
3
0
0
5
4
4
4
0
1
0
0
2
4
2
0
0
5
2
0
0
2
0
0
4
0
0
0
4
0
4
2
0
0
1
0
0
4
4
2
0
0
0
0
0
1
3
0
1
5
1
0
1
0
1
2
0
1
0
3
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
3
1
1
5
1
4
4
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
3
4
1
2
0
4
0
0
0
0
3
1
2
0
0
4
1
0
3
3
0
1
4
1
3
1
0
2
0
1
0
1
3
0
0
0
1
5
3
0
0
0
0
3
3
0
0
2
5
5
0
0
5
5
0
5
2
0
3
4
0
1
0
0
2
2
4
3
0
1
2
0
3
5
0
4
1
4
0
3
0
2
3
0
4
4
0
1
0
0
0
2
5
0
0
2
1
0
2
0
4
3
5
1
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
3
0
0
0
1
3
0
0
2
4
0
0
0
3
0
5
4
3
3
5
1
1
0
1
0
4
1
1
4
3
2
0
0
0
3
2
3
0
0
5
5
2
0
4
0
3
0
0
2
3
5
3
5
1
0
2
3
0
3
1
4
0
4
0
0
0
3
5
0
3
5
0
0
0
3
0
3
2
5
3
2
0
5
5
2
0
5
5
1
5
0
0
3
0
5
0
3
0
0
4
2
0
0
0
0
4
4
5
0
5
2
0
5
2
0
0
0
2
2
4
0
4
1
4
0
0
2
3
1
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
5
2
2
1
5
2
0
0
0
5
2
1
4
0
2
0
0
2
3
4
4
3
0
4
0
4
0
3
0
3
4
3
0
0
3
0
2
1
0
3
0
5
0
3
3
1
3
0
0
3
1
0
4
3
0
2
0
2
3
2
4
5
0
4
0
5
0
0
2
0
2
4
2
0
0
0
3
5
0
0
0
2
5
0
0
5
4
0
2
0
2
0
0
4
2
3
4
0
3
0
0
0
3
0
0
5
3
0
5
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
4
0
0
3
2
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
5
0
0
3
4
0
0
0
0
0
5
2
0
1
0
0
4
0
4
3
3
0
0
2
4
2
0
0
1
5
1
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
1
0
0
4
1
0
0
5
0
4
0
0
0
2
4
5
0
5
0
2
0
3
5
0
1
0
4
0
1
0
5
0
2
1
4
2
0
1
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
3
3
2
5
4
0
4
0
0
5
3
0
0
2
0
4
5
4
2
2
5
5
0
5
0
0
0
0
4
2
4
2
0
4
3
1
5
0
0
3
1
0
0
5
0
0
2
0
0
4
0
1
0
0
5
2
0
5
0
0
1
0
5
3
1
3
0
4
5
5
0
4
0
0
0
0
1
0
4
4
3
2
0
4
1
1
0
0
0
0
5
3
2
0
0
0
3
3
4
5
0
4
1
3
0
4
1
0
0
4
2
2
0
0
4
4
5
2
1
0
1
4
0
0
4
0
4
1
1
1
5
3
0
3
5
1
3
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
4
4
5
0
2
0
0
0
2
0
0
2
1
0
0
0
4
4
3
5
2
1
0
0
4
2
5
5
0
1
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
2
3
3
3
3
2
5
1
5
0
1
0
3
5
4
0
5
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
4
0
0
2
1
0
4
0
5
4
4
3
0
0
5
2
3
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
3
1
0
0
1
2
2
0
3
4
5
3
2
5
2
2
0
4
2
0
4
1
5
4
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
3
2
1
0
3
0
4
5
1
5
0
3
2
2
0
0
0
0
3
0
5
1
0
0
0
0
3
5
0
0
0
0
0
3
1
0
4
2
0
3
0
4
4
4
2
4
4
2
3
0
2
3
2
5
1
4
3
0
5
1
3
4
1
5
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
3
4
0
0
0
0
1
2
1
1
2
0
0
5
2
2
0
0
0
4
0
0
4
3
1
0
0
4
1
3
4
0
1
5
3
0
3
4
0
2
3
0
4
0
0
1
4
2
1
1
3
0
3
0
2
0
0
4
4
3
2
4
5
0
4
0
1
2
0
0
3
0
0
1
0
1
5
4
5
1
5
0
3
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
5
0
5
2
5
0
1
4
0
0
3
0
0
5
0
2
0
4
0
0
1
0
2
0
0
2
0
0
4
0
5
3
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
2
5
3
3
0
0
0
3
1
0
0
4
3
2
3
2
0
1
0
2
0
4
2
5
2
0
0
0
5
0
1
5
3
0
2
2
3
2
5
0
1
0
5
0
0
3
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
3
5
1
0
4
5
0
0
0
3
1
2
2
5
5
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
2
3
0
2
0
2
0
1
0
5
0
1
3
1
5
5
3
0
3
3
5
0
1
0
0
0
5
0
1
3
5
0
1
3
3
0
5
5
0
0
5
4
3
0
2
4
2
0
0
5
2
2
1
2
0
1
4
4
0
0
1
5
4
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
1
0
2
0
2
0
0
4
2
0
3
2
3
1
2
4
2
3
0
0
0
3
0
4
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
3
1
4
0
0
0
0
0
3
2
0
0
0
0
5
3
1
3
3
3
2
4
1
0
0
0
4
0
1
4
3
1
3
5
2
5
0
0
3
0
1
3
2
5
1
0
5
4
2
0
0
2
2
1
0
0
1
4
5
0
1
4
1
0
5
3
0
0
5
2
0
4
0
0
1
5
3
0
3
5
0
0
4
5
5
0
1
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
0
1
0
4
0
4
4
5
3
1
4
5
0
1
0
0
5
4
0
3
3
3
0
0
2
2
3
0
0
4
4
4
0
5
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
5
4
0
0
0
0
0
5
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
2
0
5
0
2
3
0
0
3
0
1
3
4
5
0
4
5
2
4
3
0
2
0
0
0
2
4
1
0
5
1
2
2
1
3
0
3
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
3
1
0
1
0
0
0
2
3
3
4
0
0
0
2
3
5
3
3
0
5
5
0
4
4
2
0
0
2
0
2
0
0
0
0
2
0
4
0
3
0
5
0
1
0
0
0
2
4
2
2
0
0
1
0
5
4
5
5
1
4
0
5
0
2
0
0
4
3
3
1
5
3
5
0
4
0
0
5
5
2
0
0
5
2
3
4
0
0
4
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
4
3
0
0
0
1
4
5
0
0
2
1
0
1
5
2
4
1
1
0
4
3
0
2
4
3
3
3
1
4
5
0
3
0
3
2
4
0
0
1
0
0
5
0
0
0
5
0
4
0
1
0
0
1
3
3
0
0
3
0
3
3
5
0
0
4
0
2
0
0
0
2
5
0
1
2
0
1
0
1
2
3
0
2
0
3
5
4
3
3
1
1
0
0
0
0
3
0
3
0
0
0
0
4
3
5
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
3
5
2
2
1
3
1
5
0
0
3
1
0
3
3
0
5
4
3
3
0
3
5
5
3
1
0
0
2
1
4
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
3
0
4
5
0
3
3
0
5
0
5
0
3
0
5
4
1
0
1
0
0
0
5
0
0
5
0
4
0
0
0
1
4
3
0
3
0
5
0
0
1
5
2
4
0
2
0
2
0
0
5
2
0
4
4
4
0
5
3
0
4
0
3
2
5
5
0
0
2
1
3
4
5
4
0
3
4
2
1
0
0
1
4
0
5
2
2
0
3
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
2
3
0
0
2
3
0
3
2
4
3
0
4
5
2
0
3
4
0
3
4
1
0
0
0
3
0
1
4
5
0
0
4
3
1
3
1
0
0
2
3
0
3
0
5
0
3
5
3
2
3
3
0
5
4
0
2
0
0
5
0
1
3
2
3
3
0
4
2
0
5
1
5
4
0
3
0
0
0
1
3
0
0
1
3
5
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
5
3
1
3
0
1
0
4
0
0
5
0
5
0
0
0
4
1
0
3
2
1
4
1
2
0
0
5
2
0
3
0
4
1
0
5
5
2
0
5
0
0
3
5
0
0
2
0
0
1
3
5
1
0
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
2
3
1
3
5
2
0
3
0
0
4
1
5
0
0
0
5
0
3
2
0
0
1
1
2
2
1
0
1
1
0
4
0
0
5
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
2
4
5
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
1
0
4
3
4
3
5
0
4
0
4
4
0
3
3
0
0
1
0
3
4
3
0
0
0
1
3
5
5
3
0
1
5
3
0
0
2
2
0
1
3
4
0
0
0
5
0
2
0
4
3
2
0
0
0
5
5
5
4
2
5
0
0
0
3
0
0
5
0
0
2
3
0
0
2
4
1
0
4
3
0
0
3
0
0
1
5
4
0
0
0
0
5
0
2
0
5
2
5
3
0
2
5
4
0
0
4
0
0
5
4
1
1
3
3
0
1
0
5
4
0
0
0
5
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
5
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
1
2
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
5
5
4
5
2
1
0
0
1
0
2
5
0
2
3
5
3
2
3
2
4
3
4
0
3
0
0
0
5
0
1
0
5
3
5
3
0
4
3
4
5
0
0
4
0
3
3
3
1
3
4
2
0
0
3
4
1
5
3
0
5
0
0
4
3
2
3
0
2
3
5
0
1
0
1
0
4
0
3
1
0
3
3
1
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
2
2
5
0
1
0
3
4
2
0
4
5
3
0
4
4
0
5
1
3
0
0
0
1
3
4
3
0
5
0
0
0
3
0
5
0
5
4
0
4
0
0
0
1
3
0
0
0
3
0
0
4
1
3
4
0
0
0
3
5
0
2
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
5
2
2
2
0
4
0
5
0
0
2
4
0
0
2
0
0
3
0
4
3
4
0
4
5
4
1
5
1
2
2
4
4
4
4
3
0
4
3
0
0
0
0
1
3
2
5
0
3
1
0
0
0
2
0
2
5
0
3
3
5
3
3
0
0
5
3
5
2
1
5
2
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
4
3
0
1
3
5
0
2
4
1
3
5
0
1
0
0
5
0
0
0
4
0
5
0
0
0
5
1
0
5
4
0
1
0
0
0
4
1
2
4
3
4
3
1
4
2
0
0
4
5
2
3
0
1
4
0
0
0
3
0
3
0
1
0
0
1
3
3
1
2
2
0
2
3
3
2
0
3
5
1
0
1
3
2
3
1
5
5
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
2
5
3
0
3
0
4
3
5
4
2
2
0
2
2
2
3
4
0
0
5
0
0
3
0
4
3
4
1
1
2
2
0
1
1
4
0
3
0
5
4
0
4
2
3
4
5
2
4
3
0
5
2
0
4
3
5
5
0
0
4
5
0
1
1
1
5
0
4
5
3
0
5
0
4
2
0
2
3
3
5
0
5
0
1
1
2
0
3
0
0
4
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
4
5
4
1
0
0
4
2
3
0
0
4
5
0
0
4
4
4
0
1
4
5
0
0
0
3
5
2
1
0
5
0
5
0
0
0
4
5
0
4
1
3
0
0
2
4
2
2
0
3
5
1
5
3
0
2
2
0
0
0
0
4
2
0
3
0
0
5
5
5
0
4
5
0
0
2
1
0
4
1
5
0
2
0
2
5
0
2
1
3
0
4
2
0
0
5
0
4
0
5
5
0
3
5
1
0
1
0
5
5
2
0
2
0
0
0
5
3
5
0
0
0
3
0
0
5
0
0
1
5
0
2
0
5
5
0
0
1
0
5
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
5
4
4
4
2
5
5
5
5
0
0
3
0
0
4
0
0
5
5
0
0
0
0
2
0
5
0
3
0
5
4
0
1
0
0
4
2
0
0
5
4
2
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
2
0
0
3
4
2
1
2
5
0
1
5
5
2
0
0
0
4
1
0
2
0
4
0
0
1
0
1
3
0
0
2
2
2
4
3
0
0
1
4
0
3
3
0
0
1
0
2
5
5
0
2
2
4
4
0
3
3
5
1
5
2
4
0
3
3
4
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
3
0
1
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
4
0
0
2
0
2
0
2
2
0
4
2
2
0
0
0
0
5
3
5
3
0
5
0
5
5
5
2
4
0
0
0
4
5
2
0
5
4
5
0
3
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
2
0
0
0
0
1
3
0
0
3
3
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
4
0
0
4
2
0
0
0
0
3
5
3
1
0
0
2
2
0
0
0
4
0
5
4
5
0
0
3
1
5
5
0
2
0
0
2
4
5
0
5
3
0
1
2
3
1
1
0
0
1
0
5
0
3
5
1
1
0
2
3
0
2
0
0
3
2
4
2
0
0
0
0
5
5
0
3
3
5
0
0
0
4
0
3
0
0
0
3
0
3
3
0
0
1
0
5
0
0
2
4
2
3
0
2
0
3
0
0
5
3
4
4
3
0
0
3
0
0
3
0
0
2
0
0
0
4
4
2
2
5
0
3
0
0
4
4
4
3
2
0
0
5
2
0
0
1
4
0
5
0
3
0
2
2
2
5
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
5
1
3
0
0
0
3
0
4
5
4
2
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
3
4
5
5
2
3
3
4
0
0
0
Answer 7
6%
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
3
1
0
2
0
4
5
4
0
0
0
0
2
2
5
0
0
0
4
2
0
3
0
0
0
0
3
5
4
0
4
2
0
5
4
2
4
1
0
2
5
5
0
0
0
4
2
3
5
5
3
5
5
0
5
0
4
3
0
5
0
3
0
0
0
2
0
1
4
4
1
3
3
3
0
3
0
2
2
0
4
5
1
0
3
4
0
0
0
5
0
3
4
3
1
0
0
4
0
5
3
3
0
0
2
4
1
0
3
5
0
4
5
4
2
0
0
2
1
4
0
2
5
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
2
5
0
0
0
1
1
1
3
0
0
2
2
5
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
3
2
5
0
3
0
4
4
0
0
5
0
2
2
0
2
5
2
4
5
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
3
0
2
0
2
3
2
5
5
1
0
0
4
5
0
0
0
1
0
2
0
3
2
4
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
2
0
1
0
5
2
2
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
5
3
0
2
5
0
5
2
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
5
5
3
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
3
1
0
2
1
4
4
0
4
4
3
0
0
0
5
4
3
3
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
3
0
5
0
2
2
0
3
0
1
4
4
1
0
1
0
0
4
3
0
4
0
0
5
0
2
0
3
0
0
1
3
0
4
5
0
5
0
0
5
4
0
5
1
3
0
4
2
4
0
0
1
5
2
2
3
2
0
2
0
0
1
3
5
0
1
5
1
3
1
2
4
5
0
4
1
0
2
4
2
0
0
0
5
0
3
0
1
5
1
3
0
0
0
3
0
0
5
0
0
1
2
0
4
1
0
2
5
1
2
5
0
2
0
0
1
3
3
4
3
2
4
0
0
0
3
0
0
1
3
0
5
0
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
3
1
1
3
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
2
1
3
4
0
0
0
0
0
5
4
0
5
0
0
4
1
2
5
0
5
4
0
1
0
5
2
5
0
3
3
0
0
4
0
2
2
0
0
4
0
4
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
3
0
2
4
5
5
4
5
0
3
0
4
4
4
1
0
4
1
0
2
3
2
3
2
0
4
4
0
2
5
5
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
5
3
3
3
0
0
0
5
0
0
3
0
0
0
2
3
1
3
3
0
4
0
0
4
0
4
4
0
0
2
0
2
0
1
0
0
0
3
3
0
3
0
0
1
5
0
0
0
5
3
0
0
3
3
0
3
3
4
2
3
0
0
4
3
2
0
0
4
4
0
5
3
0
2
4
0
4
0
4
2
5
1
5
1
1
5
4
3
4
0
0
0
0
1
4
2
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
3
2
0
0
1
3
0
5
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
1
3
0
5
5
1
0
4
0
0
2
0
1
0
2
0
1
0
1
0
2
2
0
3
1
1
4
2
5
4
0
0
0
0
1
0
3
4
5
1
3
0
4
0
0
0
0
4
2
3
0
0
4
1
0
4
3
0
1
4
4
3
3
1
1
0
0
0
1
3
0
0
0
1
3
3
0
0
3
0
4
4
0
0
0
5
5
0
0
4
5
0
0
2
0
3
5
0
0
0
0
3
2
4
4
4
0
4
2
3
4
0
0
0
4
5
1
0
2
4
0
5
1
0
2
0
0
4
0
5
0
0
3
1
2
1
3
3
3
3
0
2
0
4
0
0
0
0
3
1
4
0
0
0
2
2
0
0
1
4
0
0
0
3
0
4
4
3
4
0
3
0
3
1
0
4
1
4
5
3
1
0
0
0
1
2
2
4
2
5
1
2
0
4
0
3
0
0
2
3
5
3
5
1
3
3
0
0
3
1
5
3
2
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
3
0
0
2
3
1
3
2
5
4
4
0
5
5
3
0
5
4
1
3
0
0
3
0
5
3
0
1
0
4
0
1
0
0
0
2
4
0
0
0
2
0
5
5
0
0
0
3
3
4
0
4
1
4
0
0
2
3
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
5
3
3
1
2
5
0
0
0
5
2
1
4
0
3
1
5
2
5
0
1
3
0
4
0
0
1
3
0
4
0
0
0
0
4
2
3
1
3
3
0
5
0
3
3
1
5
3
0
2
1
0
4
4
0
1
4
4
4
2
5
0
0
3
0
5
0
0
3
0
2
4
1
0
0
0
5
4
0
0
0
3
4
0
5
4
4
0
2
0
4
0
0
3
2
4
4
0
2
3
0
0
1
0
0
3
3
0
5
2
0
0
0
1
0
0
3
0
0
3
0
2
0
3
0
0
0
0
2
3
0
0
0
0
2
4
0
3
3
0
0
5
1
0
1
0
0
3
0
5
2
0
0
0
0
3
1
0
0
1
5
1
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
3
0
0
0
1
4
0
0
5
0
4
5
0
1
3
4
5
0
5
1
3
4
3
5
0
1
0
1
0
2
0
5
0
2
1
4
4
3
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
2
3
2
4
4
1
4
0
0
2
3
0
0
2
0
3
3
3
2
3
5
5
0
5
0
0
0
1
4
2
4
2
0
5
0
1
0
3
0
3
0
0
0
5
0
0
4
0
0
3
0
3
0
3
2
0
0
5
0
4
1
3
5
4
0
3
5
4
5
1
0
4
0
0
2
2
1
0
4
3
0
0
0
3
1
1
0
0
0
0
5
5
2
0
0
0
3
4
0
4
0
4
2
3
0
5
1
0
0
3
4
3
1
0
0
0
4
3
1
0
1
4
0
0
5
1
3
2
1
2
5
3
1
5
4
1
3
4
0
0
3
1
0
0
0
0
0
5
4
5
2
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
2
0
0
5
4
3
5
3
2
0
0
3
2
5
5
4
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
2
3
2
2
5
2
5
0
4
0
1
0
4
4
3
0
5
0
5
0
1
0
0
0
3
2
0
2
4
0
0
3
2
0
4
0
5
4
1
3
0
0
5
3
1
1
0
0
0
0
5
1
0
0
4
2
0
0
1
2
0
0
5
4
2
4
1
5
3
0
0
5
4
0
5
3
4
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
5
3
0
0
3
0
2
4
2
5
0
4
3
1
0
0
0
0
3
1
5
1
0
0
0
0
4
3
0
2
0
0
0
2
1
0
5
2
0
3
0
1
4
4
1
5
5
2
3
0
3
3
4
0
1
4
3
0
5
1
4
4
3
5
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
4
4
1
0
0
0
2
2
2
1
2
1
0
4
2
3
0
0
0
4
0
0
4
3
1
1
0
4
1
3
4
0
1
5
3
0
3
4
0
2
0
0
4
0
0
1
3
4
4
1
3
0
3
0
2
0
0
4
2
1
1
5
5
3
4
0
2
0
0
0
3
0
3
2
0
2
3
5
5
1
0
0
3
2
3
0
0
0
5
0
1
0
5
0
4
1
5
0
1
4
0
0
3
2
0
5
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
5
0
0
2
0
1
4
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
3
0
3
2
0
2
5
3
3
0
0
0
2
0
0
1
3
3
2
3
2
0
1
0
3
4
2
0
5
1
0
2
0
5
1
2
5
5
4
1
3
0
4
0
0
2
0
5
0
0
3
1
0
2
0
3
0
0
3
1
1
0
5
5
0
0
0
3
1
3
2
5
5
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
4
0
5
0
3
0
1
0
3
3
1
3
1
5
1
3
0
0
2
0
2
1
0
0
0
5
0
1
4
3
0
4
3
3
4
4
5
0
0
5
3
4
1
2
4
3
1
0
5
2
3
0
2
1
1
5
4
0
3
0
3
4
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
3
4
0
0
2
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
5
2
3
3
0
4
1
0
0
3
0
5
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
3
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
3
2
0
0
0
0
4
4
0
4
3
1
1
0
2
0
0
0
2
1
0
4
3
0
0
3
2
2
0
0
4
0
3
3
2
0
1
0
1
4
3
0
0
2
3
3
1
0
5
4
5
0
2
5
0
0
5
3
0
0
3
3
0
4
0
0
0
3
3
0
3
5
0
0
5
5
5
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
2
0
0
0
3
0
4
0
5
3
1
4
5
0
1
0
0
5
5
0
0
3
3
0
0
0
2
3
0
0
2
2
1
0
5
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
4
0
0
0
0
0
3
1
0
0
3
1
0
1
0
4
0
5
0
4
3
0
0
4
0
1
3
4
4
0
4
4
4
3
3
0
2
0
0
0
2
4
1
0
5
2
2
0
1
4
0
4
5
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
3
1
0
0
0
0
0
3
2
3
4
0
0
0
1
4
5
1
0
0
0
4
0
4
4
3
0
0
2
0
1
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
4
5
0
1
0
0
0
2
4
1
2
0
0
1
0
5
4
5
3
2
0
0
5
0
2
0
0
4
3
5
1
5
0
5
0
5
0
0
4
4
2
0
2
4
2
5
0
4
0
4
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
2
1
5
3
2
0
2
1
0
0
5
1
5
1
3
4
5
3
0
3
4
3
0
5
2
4
4
0
2
0
3
3
4
0
1
1
0
0
5
0
3
0
5
0
4
0
0
0
0
1
1
4
0
0
4
0
2
2
1
0
0
4
4
5
0
0
0
3
4
0
1
2
0
1
0
1
2
2
0
3
0
5
5
4
3
2
4
0
0
0
0
0
3
1
4
0
0
0
0
0
3
5
0
0
0
5
0
0
3
0
3
0
0
1
3
4
5
0
0
3
1
0
3
0
0
3
4
4
3
0
2
5
5
3
2
0
0
2
2
4
1
0
5
0
0
0
4
3
0
3
5
0
3
3
0
3
0
5
0
3
0
3
4
1
0
1
0
0
0
3
0
0
3
0
0
2
0
0
3
3
3
0
1
0
0
4
0
3
5
3
4
0
5
0
2
5
0
5
4
3
4
4
3
0
5
3
0
3
0
0
3
5
5
0
0
2
1
0
3
5
4
0
3
4
3
1
1
0
4
4
0
4
0
1
3
5
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
5
5
4
0
3
2
4
0
0
4
5
5
0
4
2
0
0
3
1
0
0
0
3
0
1
2
5
0
1
3
2
0
5
2
0
1
0
4
1
0
0
2
0
4
3
3
3
3
3
0
3
4
0
2
0
5
3
0
1
3
2
3
3
0
4
2
0
5
3
3
0
1
3
0
0
0
1
4
3
0
3
3
5
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
2
0
3
0
3
1
2
0
2
1
4
0
0
5
4
5
0
2
4
5
1
0
4
4
4
5
1
0
3
0
5
0
2
2
0
4
0
3
5
0
1
0
5
2
0
2
5
0
1
3
0
1
3
4
5
1
0
1
1
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
1
4
4
0
0
0
1
0
2
2
1
1
4
2
3
3
0
0
5
0
5
0
0
0
5
0
3
2
0
0
3
2
2
3
1
0
1
1
0
4
4
0
5
0
1
0
4
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
1
0
0
3
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
2
4
5
1
3
0
4
0
3
4
0
3
3
0
0
5
0
3
3
4
0
0
0
3
3
5
3
2
0
1
5
1
0
0
3
3
1
0
0
4
0
0
0
1
0
2
0
5
2
3
1
0
0
5
5
5
3
2
5
0
0
4
4
5
0
4
0
4
4
3
1
5
0
2
4
0
3
0
0
0
3
0
1
0
4
4
5
0
1
0
5
2
2
0
0
2
5
4
0
2
2
4
0
0
5
0
2
5
5
2
4
3
5
2
0
0
4
5
0
0
2
4
0
3
0
4
4
0
0
0
4
0
0
5
1
1
3
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
4
5
3
5
2
1
0
0
1
0
3
3
0
3
3
5
5
2
4
2
4
1
5
0
5
5
0
0
5
1
2
0
5
0
4
0
0
4
2
4
3
0
0
4
0
2
4
3
0
3
4
2
0
0
4
4
2
4
2
0
4
3
0
4
3
0
0
0
3
3
0
0
1
0
1
0
3
0
5
2
3
3
3
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
2
0
4
4
0
0
2
3
3
4
5
0
0
4
2
0
4
0
3
0
0
3
0
5
0
4
4
0
1
1
2
5
3
0
3
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
3
0
1
0
1
0
0
3
5
0
0
5
0
0
3
1
4
4
0
0
0
2
5
0
2
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
5
2
2
3
0
1
0
3
0
0
1
5
0
0
2
0
4
3
0
5
2
4
0
4
5
4
1
4
1
1
1
4
4
4
4
4
0
5
3
0
0
0
0
3
2
2
4
0
3
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
5
0
3
3
5
4
4
4
0
5
3
5
1
2
5
1
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
3
4
0
2
0
0
2
0
0
4
4
0
0
0
0
0
2
4
4
3
2
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
3
3
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
2
0
1
3
0
1
3
0
2
3
2
3
4
0
5
2
0
0
4
4
3
4
5
1
2
1
0
0
0
0
3
5
1
0
0
2
2
3
1
1
5
2
2
2
2
2
0
3
4
3
0
0
5
4
3
2
5
5
0
2
0
4
0
1
5
2
2
3
0
2
0
3
3
5
4
1
0
0
3
2
5
4
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
5
3
4
1
1
2
3
0
4
0
0
0
2
0
3
4
2
0
3
3
2
0
3
0
0
0
5
2
0
5
3
5
5
0
2
5
5
0
2
2
1
4
0
4
1
3
0
3
4
5
1
0
1
1
3
5
0
4
0
3
4
2
0
3
0
0
4
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
4
4
4
2
2
0
4
3
3
0
0
4
5
0
0
4
0
3
0
1
4
4
3
5
0
2
5
2
3
0
1
0
0
5
0
0
4
0
0
0
2
2
0
0
1
4
1
2
0
3
5
0
4
2
0
3
2
1
3
0
2
2
2
5
5
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
4
0
0
2
1
0
4
1
0
4
1
0
3
5
0
2
1
0
0
2
3
1
0
5
0
3
0
5
4
1
3
4
2
0
1
3
5
5
2
0
0
4
0
0
5
2
3
0
5
2
3
0
0
5
0
0
1
5
0
1
4
5
4
0
1
1
0
5
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
2
0
3
0
1
1
5
4
4
5
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
4
2
0
0
0
0
3
0
5
0
3
0
5
4
0
3
0
0
0
2
0
0
4
1
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
2
0
1
2
4
1
3
4
5
0
1
2
5
3
0
0
5
0
3
0
2
0
4
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
2
2
3
4
4
0
4
2
1
0
2
2
0
0
1
0
2
4
5
0
3
5
4
3
0
0
3
3
3
0
0
1
1
3
0
5
0
5
3
0
1
0
0
0
1
2
0
2
3
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
4
0
3
2
1
2
0
5
1
0
4
3
0
0
0
4
0
5
2
3
3
0
5
0
5
4
4
4
0
0
2
1
4
5
1
4
3
4
5
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
5
5
0
0
3
0
5
1
2
0
0
3
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
5
2
0
4
0
0
4
3
3
2
0
0
2
2
0
0
0
4
0
5
0
4
0
0
3
1
1
4
0
5
1
0
3
4
4
4
5
2
0
1
4
3
2
1
0
0
1
0
5
0
4
5
1
1
0
2
3
0
3
0
0
3
2
4
0
0
0
0
0
5
2
0
3
0
5
0
0
4
3
0
2
3
4
0
5
1
3
4
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
5
3
4
0
3
3
1
0
0
5
1
3
4
3
0
0
4
0
0
3
0
0
2
0
0
0
4
0
0
2
5
0
3
0
0
3
4
4
0
2
0
0
5
4
0
0
3
4
0
4
0
4
4
2
1
3
5
1
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
4
3
2
3
0
0
3
2
0
4
5
2
1
0
1
0
1
5
0
1
4
4
5
0
1
3
3
3
0
0
0
Answer 8
6%
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
0
1
0
3
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
3
5
2
0
1
0
0
2
5
0
5
3
0
0
0
0
5
2
0
0
1
0
5
0
4
2
1
0
0
4
4
0
0
0
3
0
2
2
2
4
4
4
0
5
5
3
2
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
4
0
0
4
4
3
0
5
0
1
5
0
5
5
1
0
0
5
0
1
0
2
3
2
5
1
1
2
0
1
0
1
2
2
0
0
3
4
4
0
1
0
0
0
3
2
4
0
1
2
3
3
0
2
3
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
2
0
2
5
1
0
0
3
1
0
0
0
3
0
1
0
0
2
1
0
2
0
0
5
3
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
2
3
0
0
1
0
3
3
0
1
0
4
0
0
0
2
1
0
0
1
3
3
0
1
0
3
0
5
1
5
1
0
0
5
5
2
0
1
1
0
3
2
1
3
5
2
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
2
2
4
2
0
3
0
3
2
2
2
1
0
3
3
0
2
3
4
5
3
4
1
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
1
4
0
0
2
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
3
4
0
0
1
4
3
1
1
2
3
0
0
0
5
0
0
1
0
0
2
0
1
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
3
2
3
0
2
5
0
1
0
1
0
0
2
3
0
2
0
1
5
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
2
0
3
0
1
2
4
3
5
1
3
1
0
0
4
0
5
0
2
0
4
1
2
0
2
0
4
4
4
4
0
3
3
0
0
1
1
5
5
4
0
1
3
0
5
2
0
3
0
5
1
5
5
2
5
5
1
1
0
1
2
0
3
2
0
2
1
4
0
0
2
0
1
5
1
0
3
0
2
0
0
1
0
1
2
1
2
2
0
2
0
2
1
5
2
3
2
1
0
0
0
4
0
3
5
0
5
1
1
2
5
1
0
0
0
2
4
2
2
0
4
0
0
0
4
0
2
0
0
4
4
0
1
1
1
0
2
1
3
0
0
2
3
1
3
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
2
3
0
0
3
0
2
2
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1
0
1
4
0
3
5
0
3
0
0
4
0
2
0
0
2
1
1
2
0
0
4
4
4
2
0
3
4
0
0
4
1
5
1
5
2
5
1
0
0
1
5
0
1
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
3
3
1
1
0
0
2
2
0
1
0
4
3
1
1
2
0
3
3
0
0
0
2
3
0
0
3
0
0
3
2
0
0
0
5
0
0
1
3
0
5
2
0
0
1
2
4
1
0
2
1
3
0
2
0
1
0
5
0
2
0
4
0
0
4
5
2
0
2
0
4
3
2
0
4
0
0
0
4
4
3
0
0
3
4
1
0
4
0
0
3
5
0
3
5
3
3
0
4
1
0
5
0
3
3
4
0
0
0
0
0
1
3
4
0
5
4
1
2
5
3
3
0
0
1
4
2
0
3
0
3
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
2
0
2
5
2
0
4
0
0
4
2
0
1
3
1
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
1
2
0
2
5
3
0
1
2
5
1
0
1
3
3
2
0
1
3
4
0
0
1
0
1
0
5
0
1
3
4
3
4
4
2
2
0
0
3
1
0
0
1
0
3
3
1
4
3
2
2
5
2
3
0
1
1
0
2
2
0
3
1
0
0
3
0
0
1
2
1
0
0
2
0
2
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
2
0
3
0
2
1
0
0
0
1
2
0
0
0
2
1
0
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
5
4
0
2
1
0
0
0
4
5
2
0
0
3
3
1
1
0
1
0
3
3
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
2
2
0
1
4
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
0
5
1
0
1
2
0
3
4
5
2
1
0
1
3
0
3
0
4
0
4
0
3
1
0
3
2
2
4
0
1
3
3
4
4
0
0
3
1
2
2
5
1
2
1
0
0
2
0
1
0
2
5
3
3
0
0
2
0
4
0
1
4
1
2
0
0
0
2
3
0
2
0
0
0
4
3
0
3
2
0
1
2
0
4
2
2
2
4
0
0
1
2
0
0
2
0
2
5
3
0
2
1
2
0
4
0
1
4
0
3
0
0
3
0
2
3
0
0
3
0
0
0
5
3
1
3
3
0
1
0
1
3
5
3
1
4
0
2
5
4
0
0
3
5
0
5
0
3
0
1
1
3
5
2
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
4
5
3
3
0
0
3
4
0
4
4
1
3
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
3
5
5
0
1
3
4
5
2
0
0
Answer 9
5%
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
2
4
0
0
1
3
0
0
0
5
4
0
0
0
1
5
5
0
2
2
0
0
0
0
3
1
0
0
1
0
5
1
5
3
0
4
5
5
3
0
0
0
2
0
2
3
4
1
1
1
0
5
0
1
2
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
2
4
4
0
5
0
0
5
0
5
4
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
1
0
2
0
0
0
2
3
4
0
0
0
2
3
0
2
0
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
3
3
0
0
1
3
0
0
1
0
0
5
0
4
0
0
1
5
0
0
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
3
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
3
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
5
3
1
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
1
0
0
0
2
3
0
3
0
0
0
5
2
4
0
0
2
5
2
0
0
4
1
0
1
0
1
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
5
4
0
3
0
3
5
2
0
0
0
1
3
0
5
0
1
0
0
0
0
5
5
0
2
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
3
0
3
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
1
3
1
0
0
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
2
3
0
0
5
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
4
2
3
0
3
2
0
1
0
4
0
0
2
4
0
3
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
2
2
1
2
0
0
2
0
1
0
2
0
4
0
5
1
3
0
0
0
5
0
2
0
0
0
5
1
1
0
2
0
0
3
5
0
5
5
0
0
0
3
0
5
5
0
0
1
0
3
4
5
4
0
0
5
2
5
0
1
5
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
4
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
2
0
0
0
5
3
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
2
1
0
0
4
0
2
0
3
3
0
0
4
5
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
5
1
0
0
4
0
5
0
0
3
0
0
0
5
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
4
2
3
3
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
1
3
0
0
5
0
1
0
0
5
4
0
0
4
0
4
0
0
1
0
2
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
3
0
5
2
1
0
0
3
3
3
0
0
0
4
0
0
5
3
1
4
0
0
0
1
0
0
3
0
0
0
5
3
0
5
2
0
3
0
0
1
0
0
3
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
5
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
4
2
1
0
1
2
0
1
1
0
0
0
4
3
0
0
2
3
0
0
0
0
5
2
0
3
0
0
1
2
0
2
3
2
3
4
0
1
0
3
0
0
3
4
3
0
4
1
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
4
0
0
0
2
0
0
1
3
5
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
5
3
3
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
1
2
0
3
4
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
3
3
0
0
0
5
1
1
1
1
0
1
5
1
0
1
4
0
0
0
0
1
2
0
0
0
3
0
2
0
0
0
0
5
0
1
0
2
2
2
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
3
4
3
0
1
0
5
0
0
2
0
0
5
2
0
4
0
1
5
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
4
4
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
4
5
3
1
0
0
0
0
0
3
1
0
1
0
0
3
1
4
0
0
5
0
1
0
3
0
5
3
4
3
0
1
0
0
0
2
5
5
0
2
5
1
0
0
0
1
4
3
0
0
5
0
2
0
0
3
0
0
0
1
0
5
5
0
2
2
3
0
0
4
0
3
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
1
0
0
0
2
1
0
0
2
3
3
0
4
1
0
0
5
3
2
4
3
0
0
0
2
0
3
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
5
1
0
0
0
5
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
5
2
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
5
1
3
0
0
1
2
0
0
1
5
1
2
0
0
4
0
5
1
0
0
1
2
0
5
0
0
0
0
3
3
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
1
0
1
0
5
0
3
4
2
5
0
0
1
0
0
2
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
2
3
4
1
0
5
2
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
5
0
3
5
0
0
5
2
0
2
0
3
0
0
2
0
0
5
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
4
0
1
0
2
0
5
0
0
0
0
4
0
5
1
0
0
0
1
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
2
5
0
0
0
0
0
5
3
0
1
0
0
0
0
5
4
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
3
5
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
2
0
0
4
5
3
0
0
2
0
2
0
0
4
2
2
0
5
3
1
0
0
5
1
0
0
0
0
5
4
0
0
0
2
2
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
4
0
0
0
2
0
3
5
2
0
0
5
0
2
1
0
2
1
4
0
0
5
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
5
3
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
2
0
1
3
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
1
5
3
5
0
1
2
5
0
3
0
0
3
0
3
0
0
2
3
0
0
3
1
5
0
3
3
0
2
3
5
0
0
0
5
0
0
4
0
0
0
1
0
5
1
0
0
3
3
5
0
0
0
0
5
0
4
0
1
2
0
0
2
0
2
0
2
5
1
3
1
4
5
0
4
3
0
0
0
2
3
0
0
5
0
1
2
5
2
3
0
3
5
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
4
0
1
3
3
0
3
5
0
5
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
2
1
1
4
3
0
1
1
5
0
2
0
4
4
1
0
2
0
5
0
0
3
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
3
0
1
0
1
1
1
3
0
0
1
1
3
0
0
0
0
0
3
3
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
5
0
4
2
1
5
2
5
5
0
3
5
2
0
1
2
5
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
1
1
2
0
5
4
4
2
0
2
5
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
2
5
0
4
0
0
0
3
1
0
5
5
0
5
1
5
5
0
5
5
5
4
0
0
3
0
1
5
0
4
4
0
1
1
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
4
1
0
1
0
0
3
0
1
1
2
0
3
4
3
3
0
0
0
5
0
0
3
4
2
1
0
0
0
2
1
5
1
4
5
0
5
0
0
1
2
0
4
0
0
1
0
1
1
4
3
0
0
0
5
0
0
4
3
2
1
1
5
0
0
3
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
2
0
1
0
5
5
3
0
1
4
1
0
0
3
0
3
0
1
0
1
0
3
2
1
0
1
1
3
0
3
1
0
1
0
0
0
4
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
0
1
2
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
2
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
1
3
0
3
0
5
1
2
0
1
0
5
1
0
1
5
0
2
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
3
0
2
5
5
5
3
0
2
0
0
0
1
0
1
2
1
3
0
4
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
5
0
1
0
3
0
5
2
0
0
0
0
2
4
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
4
1
4
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
5
2
3
0
0
0
5
4
0
3
0
0
0
5
0
1
5
2
1
0
0
5
5
1
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
1
3
1
0
2
1
0
0
5
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
3
4
0
0
0
0
4
0
5
2
0
5
0
0
5
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
3
0
3
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
3
0
1
0
0
2
0
0
0
5
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
4
1
0
0
0
5
5
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
3
2
4
0
0
1
2
0
0
4
1
0
2
0
1
0
1
0
0
5
0
0
4
4
4
0
0
0
2
1
0
0
4
0
0
0
5
4
1
0
0
0
0
0
3
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
4
0
5
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
0
3
0
5
5
2
4
3
0
4
0
0
0
4
2
0
0
0
1
1
0
3
3
0
1
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
2
0
2
1
3
1
0
1
0
0
0
2
4
4
1
0
0
0
0
1
2
5
0
0
0
5
0
2
0
3
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
5
4
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
5
3
3
4
0
0
3
0
2
0
0
0
3
5
1
0
0
5
5
2
1
0
2
5
2
0
0
2
2
3
0
5
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2
3
5
0
0
5
0
0
1
1
0
0
2
0
5
4
4
3
1
1
0
5
0
4
0
1
3
5
0
5
3
0
0
4
0
0
0
1
0
3
0
0
3
0
1
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2
0
0
5
0
0
4
5
0
0
2
0
4
0
1
1
3
0
4
0
5
5
0
4
4
4
4
0
0
0
0
1
0
3
0
4
0
0
0
1
4
5
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
4
0
0
1
3
0
5
0
1
3
1
0
2
4
0
4
1
4
0
4
1
3
5
4
3
0
0
4
2
1
0
0
5
0
0
0
4
0
2
0
4
0
2
4
0
5
3
5
0
5
0
0
4
1
0
0
0
0
2
3
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
0
0
5
0
0
4
0
1
0
0
4
4
5
0
3
0
1
0
3
2
5
1
2
0
5
3
0
3
0
0
1
2
2
0
0
3
1
0
0
5
5
0
0
3
4
5
0
0
3
0
1
3
0
2
5
5
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
4
0
0
3
5
4
0
0
0
1
0
4
1
5
0
0
5
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
5
1
5
5
0
4
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
1
0
0
4
5
5
0
2
0
5
4
0
4
0
0
3
0
0
5
0
4
2
0
0
1
0
3
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
4
4
2
5
5
0
4
0
0
5
1
0
3
0
5
1
3
1
1
1
3
0
0
3
1
3
5
0
0
0
1
0
3
3
1
5
1
0
0
0
4
0
0
5
0
1
4
0
5
0
5
0
0
0
0
4
2
0
5
5
0
0
1
0
5
1
0
1
3
0
0
0
3
5
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
3
0
1
0
3
2
5
3
5
4
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
3
0
5
1
0
0
3
1
3
0
1
0
5
1
0
5
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
5
4
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
5
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
3
1
0
1
2
1
5
0
1
2
0
0
3
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
4
0
5
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
1
5
0
0
0
5
4
3
0
0
3
1
2
3
0
4
5
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
4
0
3
1
0
1
0
0
3
1
0
0
2
1
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
1
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
2
0
1
5
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
4
5
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
4
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
1
0
3
0
0
0
5
4
3
0
3
0
0
0
0
3
4
0
4
3
2
4
2
3
4
4
0
2
5
2
0
2
0
2
1
1
4
0
0
3
1
0
2
2
2
5
0
2
5
4
0
1
1
0
3
4
0
0
0
5
3
3
5
0
4
5
0
0
4
4
0
0
0
2
5
0
0
2
0
1
0
4
0
0
1
0
5
3
0
0
0
0
2
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
4
4
3
3
0
5
2
1
0
5
0
5
0
0
1
0
5
0
5
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
5
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
5
3
0
0
3
1
5
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
1
0
3
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
5
5
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
3
5
0
0
0
2
3
1
0
0
5
0
0
4
5
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
5
3
3
0
4
4
3
0
0
0
4
0
5
4
0
1
5
1
0
0
0
2
0
5
1
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
4
1
0
0
0
2
0
0
2
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
1
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
3
0
5
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
3
0
5
1
0
0
1
0
0
2
3
0
0
5
5
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
3
5
0
0
0
3
5
0
1
0
5
5
0
4
3
5
0
5
3
4
0
3
0
1
3
2
2
5
0
0
0
0
0
1
3
4
3
1
0
3
0
5
1
0
2
1
0
0
3
0
1
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
4
0
0
2
3
3
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
5
5
1
0
2
0
0
3
3
2
0
5
1
0
5
0
4
0
5
0
0
2
0
0
0
1
2
5
0
2
0
0
5
0
1
1
1
3
0
1
1
2
2
4
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
2
0
0
1
4
2
4
0
0
1
5
0
4
0
5
0
3
1
5
1
0
0
2
5
0
1
0
2
4
0
0
0
0
4
0
4
0
1
0
0
0
3
2
0
1
0
3
5
0
3
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
4
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
4
0
5
1
3
3
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
3
5
0
5
5
2
3
0
5
5
5
5
2
0
2
4
5
0
0
5
0
0
1
3
3
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
5
0
3
5
0
5
3
3
0
3
1
0
4
0
5
5
5
0
0
0
0
4
1
1
5
0
3
0
0
3
2
3
4
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
2
5
5
0
5
0
0
3
4
5
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
2
0
0
4
2
0
0
0
0
3
1
3
2
0
5
0
5
0
3
2
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
5
3
3
0
1
0
3
0
3
5
5
0
2
0
1
3
4
0
5
1
3
3
0
1
0
1
2
0
3
4
0
1
3
0
0
3
0
0
1
0
0
5
0
0
0
4
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
3
0
5
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
5
4
0
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
5
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
5
4
5
0
0
0
4
0
4
0
4
0
1
5
0
0
5
0
0
0
2
1
0
0
0
5
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
4
5
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
5
5
0
1
3
0
1
0
0
5
5
5
2
0
0
4
3
0
0
0
2
0
2
5
2
0
0
0
3
0
2
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
4
1
0
0
5
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
1
2
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
2
3
0
2
0
0
0
5
1
4
5
5
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
0
0
3
1
1
0
0
1
0
4
5
5
0
4
4
0
0
5
0
3
1
0
0
0
5
5
2
3
3
0
4
0
0
3
5
2
0
2
0
0
5
2
0
0
3
5
5
5
0
4
0
1
4
3
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
1
5
5
0
2
3
0
5
5
0
4
4
2
4
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
2
5
3
0
1
5
3
5
2
0
0
Answer 10
6%
0
0
0
5
5
0
5
0
2
0
4
2
0
2
2
3
0
2
5
5
3
0
0
4
3
2
3
4
4
0
1
4
0
3
3
1
0
0
0
5
5
0
5
2
1
2
0
0
0
0
4
0
3
0
0
1
0
2
3
1
0
4
5
2
1
0
0
5
0
4
0
0
5
0
0
1
0
0
3
4
4
0
5
0
3
5
0
5
4
1
0
0
5
0
3
0
5
0
0
5
0
0
5
5
1
0
0
4
3
0
0
0
5
5
0
2
0
0
1
3
2
5
0
1
5
1
3
0
3
0
1
0
5
0
2
1
0
4
0
4
3
3
1
0
3
4
0
0
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
1
1
1
5
5
0
0
0
0
5
2
0
0
5
0
4
2
0
4
5
2
1
5
0
2
1
5
3
2
5
3
0
3
0
2
0
5
1
5
2
0
0
3
5
0
3
0
0
0
3
0
1
4
5
1
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
1
4
0
2
0
5
1
3
5
0
1
1
1
0
3
0
2
3
5
0
2
3
5
0
5
4
0
0
2
4
0
0
2
1
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
2
3
1
0
1
4
1
0
0
0
0
2
3
5
5
0
0
0
2
0
5
1
0
4
0
2
4
1
3
0
4
5
0
4
0
1
2
2
2
4
5
3
0
0
3
1
0
0
0
1
0
3
2
0
0
1
0
2
0
2
0
5
0
1
1
2
2
0
0
5
0
5
3
1
1
5
5
3
0
2
5
0
1
4
2
0
5
3
0
4
0
1
2
5
3
0
1
2
3
5
4
0
4
5
5
0
3
0
4
3
3
0
0
0
2
5
5
0
5
2
1
1
0
0
0
0
3
1
0
0
0
4
0
2
1
0
3
0
0
4
4
0
1
0
0
0
2
0
4
3
4
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
5
5
3
4
0
1
2
5
5
0
0
0
0
5
4
4
0
5
0
3
2
5
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
4
0
1
0
3
2
2
3
0
3
4
0
1
0
1
0
0
3
0
0
1
3
0
0
5
0
0
5
0
5
0
2
0
1
2
0
4
0
5
0
5
5
2
4
0
5
4
0
0
4
0
1
0
0
1
0
2
0
0
3
3
1
0
0
0
0
5
0
4
5
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
5
0
4
2
0
5
3
2
3
2
0
2
1
0
3
5
0
0
0
5
5
0
1
5
3
3
1
0
4
0
0
0
0
5
5
0
0
2
0
5
0
5
4
4
0
3
0
0
1
0
3
0
0
4
5
0
0
4
0
0
1
5
0
2
1
0
0
1
3
0
3
0
5
5
0
5
0
0
1
3
0
4
2
0
2
2
1
1
4
3
1
2
1
3
0
3
0
0
2
4
3
0
3
5
0
0
4
5
0
0
4
3
0
3
0
0
3
5
0
0
1
0
0
3
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
5
3
0
0
0
3
0
1
0
5
0
2
3
1
1
3
0
1
3
0
0
4
0
1
2
4
5
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
1
2
0
3
1
3
0
0
5
5
1
1
0
5
1
2
2
0
5
1
3
5
0
1
1
0
2
1
0
5
3
0
0
5
2
0
3
0
5
0
0
5
0
2
5
5
1
2
4
0
3
0
4
0
1
0
3
2
1
3
0
0
1
4
4
3
0
3
3
1
0
2
0
0
1
0
0
3
0
1
4
5
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
2
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
4
0
5
1
0
5
0
0
0
5
2
5
0
0
0
3
3
5
2
1
5
5
2
0
3
3
3
5
5
3
0
1
0
0
0
4
2
5
3
0
5
4
5
0
5
0
3
5
1
0
5
1
5
0
2
0
5
3
3
2
3
4
3
0
0
1
3
0
0
3
2
5
0
5
0
1
0
0
0
5
0
5
1
5
0
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
3
5
3
1
0
5
3
2
2
2
0
2
3
2
0
3
2
3
1
0
1
5
2
0
5
4
3
5
0
0
0
0
4
0
2
5
0
1
2
0
0
4
0
0
3
0
0
5
0
0
0
5
5
0
0
4
1
3
2
0
5
3
3
0
5
0
4
4
0
0
3
1
0
0
3
4
1
3
0
2
0
4
0
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
3
1
5
4
4
1
0
5
0
5
3
2
2
5
3
1
4
0
5
3
0
3
3
0
4
5
2
0
0
2
5
3
5
0
1
0
5
1
5
0
0
3
0
2
0
1
0
3
5
0
0
1
2
0
1
0
4
1
0
1
1
0
2
0
2
0
0
1
2
0
0
5
2
1
1
3
0
0
0
5
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0
0
Answer 11
6%
0
0
0
0
0
1
4
0
1
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
5
3
3
0
0
2
1
4
4
2
1
0
0
1
0
4
0
0
3
1
0
4
0
3
4
3
0
0
2
3
0
0
0
3
3
2
1
2
4
3
3
0
5
0
4
1
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
2
0
0
1
1
0
3
2
2
0
4
0
3
5
0
5
3
2
3
0
0
0
1
0
2
0
0
4
0
2
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0
2
0
0
4
4
0
0
0
4
4
0
2
0
0
1
1
3
5
5
0
1
3
1
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2
2
0
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5
0
3
0
0
0
1
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3
5
1
0
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3
0
0
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4
0
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2
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1
3
1
1
0
1
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2
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3
2
0
0
5
0
3
3
0
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5
1
0
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1
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5
4
1
2
3
2
0
3
2
2
1
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5
5
4
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0
2
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2
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3
2
1
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4
0
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1
2
3
0
3
0
5
3
3
1
4
1
3
2
1
2
2
3
3
0
4
0
0
1
0
1
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3
5
0
0
4
0
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4
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3
2
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1
4
2
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2
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1
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5
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3
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4
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3
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4
1
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2
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5
0
1
0
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1
0
2
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1
2
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3
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4
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2
2
2
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3
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2
1
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4
3
2
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4
0
0
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4
4
2
4
3
3
0
0
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5
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1
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3
4
2
2
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4
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4
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4
4
3
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2
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4
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5
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3
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4
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4
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3
2
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4
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3
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3
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2
3
3
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2
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2
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3
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4
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5
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0
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3
5
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3
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4
1
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3
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3
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3
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2
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1
0
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0
1
0
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5
0
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3
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2
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1
1
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0
1
3
4
5
2
0
2
2
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2
2
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3
1
4
0
0
0
0
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5
2
0
1
0
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5
3
2
2
3
4
3
2
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4
0
1
0
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2
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4
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0
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3
5
1
0
0
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3
0
3
3
2
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4
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4
3
1
0
3
0
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4
1
2
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3
2
2
0
0
0
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4
4
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3
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4
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2
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1
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4
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4
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4
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3
3
1
1
5
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3
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4
3
1
2
3
5
2
0
5
2
4
1
3
2
2
0
0
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4
2
5
5
1
2
4
1
1
0
0
0
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4
3
2
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5
0
0
0
0
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3
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3
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3
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1
1
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0
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4
1
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3
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2
0
2
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3
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1
0
2
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0
3
3
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4
3
3
3
2
3
0
0
0
0
2
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3
2
2
1
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4
2
0
0
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5
3
0
2
0
4
2
1
2
4
0
1
2
3
4
1
1
0
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2
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0
2
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3
4
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0
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4
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3
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3
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3
3
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2
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3
1
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4
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1
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2
1
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4
0
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3
1
4
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2
1
1
1
1
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1
1
5
0
3
1
0
0
0
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2
1
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3
3
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1
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4
2
0
3
4
4
4
4
3
0
4
3
0
0
1
4
5
1
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4
1
0
0
0
1
2
2
4
3
5
0
4
0
1
0
5
0
0
3
0
4
3
0
0
4
2
1
0
3
1
4
3
2
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
4
0
0
0
3
1
1
1
0
3
2
2
4
5
3
0
5
3
4
2
0
3
0
0
1
0
1
2
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4
0
1
4
2
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0
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2
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3
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0
2
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3
3
0
0
0
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5
4
0
4
2
2
1
0
3
1
0
0
1
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4
1
0
0
4
1
0
0
0
3
1
3
0
2
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4
0
4
1
2
0
0
0
0
2
2
4
3
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2
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5
0
0
2
1
3
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0
1
0
0
3
0
0
3
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4
0
2
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0
1
2
2
2
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2
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1
3
1
0
0
0
1
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4
0
5
5
0
0
2
2
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3
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1
5
0
3
3
0
2
0
3
1
0
1
5
0
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3
1
1
3
3
0
0
3
0
0
3
0
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1
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3
4
0
4
0
0
0
0
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5
0
0
3
3
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3
2
0
3
2
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2
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2
2
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2
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4
0
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5
2
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0
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1
2
1
1
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4
2
1
0
4
4
4
0
0
3
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3
2
0
2
5
5
1
2
5
1
2
3
2
2
0
4
4
0
3
3
0
0
0
2
1
1
4
0
1
0
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1
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0
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2
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2
2
1
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4
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2
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2
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2
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3
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5
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4
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2
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3
2
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3
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2
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5
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3
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5
3
4
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0
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4
4
3
5
2
5
3
3
2
3
0
2
2
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0
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2
2
3
2
0
0
2
1
5
0
3
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3
5
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2
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3
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2
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3
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4
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3
2
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2
2
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2
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3
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3
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3
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3
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1
0
4
4
5
3
5
5
2
5
5
1
2
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3
3
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5
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2
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5
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2
2
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1
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0
2
4
3
0
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3
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1
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2
2
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1
1
3
1
2
2
3
3
4
2
4
0
0
2
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3
3
3
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3
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3
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1
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2
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2
3
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1
3
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0
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3
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3
2
1
1
5
2
1
2
3
2
0
0
1
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3
3
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4
1
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3
3
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4
3
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3
1
4
1
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1
1
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1
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3
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2
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3
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1
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1
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1
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2
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2
2
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3
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5
0
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1
1
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2
2
2
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3
4
3
0
0
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2
1
2
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1
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3
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5
0
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3
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2
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4
2
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3
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3
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1
1
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3
3
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4
4
2
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1
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3
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3
3
3
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2
2
3
1
3
1
0
1
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3
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3
2
3
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1
4
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2
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3
2
3
0
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3
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2
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2
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4
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2
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3
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4
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4
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3
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4
4
2
2
2
4
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1
0
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4
2
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3
2
2
0
5
0
3
3
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1
0
2
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5
3
2
0
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3
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2
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1
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3
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3
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3
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3
3
4
2
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2
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2
2
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2
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4
3
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4
3
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2
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1
2
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3
3
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3
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3
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2
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2
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1
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3
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3
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3
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3
3
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4
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3
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2
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2
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2
2
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2
3
1
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0
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2
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3
0
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3
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3
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3
3
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3
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1
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1
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3
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4
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5
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2
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0
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1
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4
0
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3
2
0
2
3
1
0
2
3
5
4
3
5
3
2
1
1
0
1
0
0
2
1
0
2
2
0
0
0
0
4
1
0
0
4
0
0
1
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
3
0
0
0
1
0
3
3
0
3
2
0
0
5
4
3
0
3
0
0
3
0
3
5
0
4
4
3
4
1
3
3
5
2
3
0
0
5
0
5
4
1
2
0
3
0
3
0
0
4
2
3
0
0
0
4
2
0
4
4
2
3
2
0
0
1
4
2
3
4
4
4
3
0
0
3
4
2
0
0
2
4
0
0
2
0
1
0
5
0
1
2
0
3
3
4
0
0
2
4
3
0
3
0
1
4
1
0
3
4
4
0
1
4
4
3
2
0
5
3
5
0
0
3
2
4
1
5
1
0
1
0
2
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
1
3
0
0
0
4
0
0
3
3
3
2
0
0
1
3
2
0
1
0
2
0
2
0
0
0
3
4
3
1
4
1
2
4
0
0
3
0
2
1
2
0
0
2
5
0
4
0
0
4
3
4
0
1
3
1
3
2
2
2
3
5
5
0
5
0
0
4
0
3
5
0
3
3
3
4
0
3
5
4
0
0
0
0
1
1
2
1
2
3
3
0
0
0
1
0
5
4
1
3
3
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
4
2
0
0
3
0
0
1
0
1
4
1
0
1
2
0
1
1
2
3
4
1
2
2
0
0
0
5
1
0
3
0
0
3
0
0
4
4
0
0
1
0
2
3
0
0
4
0
5
2
1
1
2
0
1
5
4
0
2
4
5
2
0
1
3
0
0
0
0
0
4
5
2
0
0
3
5
3
1
1
2
3
1
4
3
2
2
3
3
0
2
5
3
3
4
2
5
5
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
3
4
2
0
4
1
4
2
1
3
1
0
0
3
1
3
5
2
0
0
0
3
0
0
3
1
3
0
1
4
1
1
0
1
0
0
2
1
0
2
4
1
0
2
4
2
3
3
0
0
0
4
2
0
3
2
4
5
0
0
0
4
0
1
2
2
0
5
3
3
4
5
3
0
0
3
0
2
4
2
3
0
2
0
2
2
3
0
2
0
5
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
2
3
4
0
0
2
4
4
0
4
4
2
0
0
3
0
2
0
5
2
4
0
0
0
3
4
2
0
0
3
3
3
0
0
5
0
1
3
0
0
3
0
0
2
2
0
2
0
4
5
0
2
1
0
2
4
1
0
0
2
3
0
0
2
0
3
5
4
0
0
0
3
0
0
2
4
1
4
2
5
0
2
0
3
1
0
2
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
1
0
4
1
1
3
5
2
0
4
3
4
1
2
0
2
0
5
0
5
4
3
0
0
5
2
0
3
0
0
0
2
5
3
3
3
4
3
0
5
1
0
3
0
3
2
0
0
0
5
1
3
1
3
1
0
5
0
1
2
3
3
1
0
0
0
0
0
4
2
0
0
2
5
0
0
0
3
3
0
1
3
0
0
2
1
3
3
0
2
0
2
0
0
3
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
3
0
0
4
2
1
2
3
0
5
1
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
4
3
4
2
2
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
1
3
2
3
2
0
4
0
0
0
5
1
0
0
1
0
2
4
2
0
3
3
2
4
0
4
4
1
1
0
1
2
0
2
3
0
0
4
0
0
1
3
2
0
0
2
0
3
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
4
0
3
0
0
0
4
0
4
0
0
0
0
2
1
0
0
0
3
4
0
3
1
0
0
0
0
0
5
4
0
1
0
0
0
0
4
3
3
5
4
3
4
2
1
2
5
0
2
2
4
0
1
0
0
0
0
3
3
0
0
5
2
0
5
0
0
5
0
2
0
0
2
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
0
5
2
0
4
0
0
5
3
5
4
0
3
2
0
0
2
0
1
0
0
5
3
3
0
5
2
4
3
0
3
1
0
2
2
0
0
5
4
0
1
2
1
4
1
0
0
0
0
2
0
3
1
1
1
0
0
5
0
2
0
0
3
1
1
0
0
4
0
4
1
3
0
0
2
4
0
0
3
3
3
2
0
0
0
5
3
3
5
0
3
1
0
0
0
0
3
2
4
3
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
5
5
5
0
0
2
0
0
4
0
1
2
0
0
5
5
5
3
5
4
0
5
2
2
3
5
1
5
4
0
0
3
4
0
0
4
3
1
4
0
3
3
1
4
4
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
3
0
0
0
0
5
2
1
4
5
3
2
0
2
3
3
0
3
3
3
2
5
0
2
2
0
2
2
4
2
3
0
1
3
4
5
0
0
0
Answer 12
6%
0
0
0
4
0
0
3
0
1
3
4
5
0
3
3
0
3
1
0
5
2
0
1
0
3
3
3
4
0
0
0
3
0
0
5
4
0
0
3
0
5
5
2
4
4
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
5
0
1
0
5
5
2
2
0
2
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
4
2
2
0
4
3
1
0
2
3
4
0
3
0
3
4
0
4
5
2
0
0
3
4
3
0
1
0
1
4
0
1
4
0
3
0
3
3
4
0
3
4
4
2
0
1
0
5
0
3
1
5
0
0
3
3
5
0
2
2
0
1
3
0
4
0
3
0
0
1
2
3
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
5
1
1
3
1
0
4
0
3
4
1
0
0
2
0
3
4
0
5
5
1
0
0
0
3
1
0
0
3
4
3
3
2
4
4
5
3
2
2
1
0
0
4
2
5
0
0
0
0
2
4
1
2
4
2
0
4
3
1
0
0
0
0
3
4
2
0
2
0
4
0
5
0
0
0
3
2
0
0
5
1
3
0
1
4
0
5
0
0
0
1
0
4
0
0
0
2
0
1
5
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
5
0
3
5
2
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
5
2
4
2
0
0
3
0
5
0
0
5
0
0
0
3
3
3
3
0
1
3
4
5
0
1
0
0
4
5
0
2
0
1
1
0
0
0
4
3
0
1
0
0
5
1
0
5
5
3
0
2
0
5
3
3
0
0
1
4
0
3
1
4
0
4
1
2
0
3
0
0
4
3
3
2
4
1
0
0
0
2
5
5
5
2
1
0
1
4
2
0
0
4
5
5
3
0
3
4
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
1
2
2
3
3
0
4
0
2
5
0
3
3
3
0
3
1
3
2
0
2
4
4
0
3
0
0
1
4
2
0
0
2
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
2
5
0
2
0
1
3
0
2
0
4
0
0
1
4
3
5
3
0
3
0
0
0
0
4
0
5
0
0
4
0
2
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
3
2
2
5
2
2
0
0
0
0
3
2
0
0
2
0
2
5
0
0
0
0
3
0
1
1
4
0
5
1
3
0
2
3
5
3
2
2
0
4
0
2
2
0
1
0
4
4
0
3
5
3
1
0
5
4
4
2
2
2
1
0
0
3
0
3
4
1
0
3
0
0
5
3
5
1
0
0
0
1
2
3
3
0
0
0
3
5
0
0
3
4
4
1
0
4
0
0
2
0
0
2
1
5
0
0
0
3
0
4
5
0
5
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
3
2
5
0
2
0
0
1
5
0
1
1
0
0
3
4
1
0
0
1
0
0
5
1
0
5
1
0
2
0
0
1
3
3
5
3
2
4
5
2
3
0
0
0
0
2
2
3
3
0
2
0
0
3
2
0
0
2
0
0
4
0
0
3
0
0
0
1
0
0
5
2
3
0
3
3
0
0
1
3
3
5
3
1
0
5
0
0
2
0
3
0
2
0
3
3
1
0
2
2
3
2
3
2
5
4
4
3
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
4
3
1
0
0
4
5
0
0
2
3
2
1
0
0
3
4
1
2
3
5
1
2
1
3
4
4
0
0
0
0
1
2
0
0
3
2
0
5
0
1
0
0
5
2
0
5
2
5
1
0
0
5
0
0
0
3
4
1
4
0
1
4
0
3
2
4
2
0
4
2
1
0
5
0
0
0
3
0
4
0
2
4
3
3
5
5
3
0
1
0
3
3
0
0
4
1
0
0
0
2
1
5
0
3
2
5
0
0
0
0
3
2
4
0
0
0
3
3
1
0
2
3
0
0
0
3
0
5
5
3
1
0
3
0
0
0
2
4
2
1
2
3
1
0
3
0
0
3
4
4
2
5
2
3
3
2
0
3
0
0
4
5
2
3
0
0
4
4
0
0
1
3
2
0
1
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
1
1
0
3
3
2
5
0
2
3
1
0
1
3
3
2
1
0
2
1
2
0
3
4
0
2
0
3
0
0
2
4
2
0
0
0
5
0
5
4
0
0
0
0
1
3
3
0
3
2
0
4
0
0
5
0
0
0
3
5
0
2
4
4
3
2
4
3
1
0
5
4
5
4
4
0
0
1
0
5
0
4
4
2
3
0
5
0
0
0
0
1
4
0
0
0
0
0
4
2
2
0
1
0
5
0
2
4
1
3
0
0
1
0
0
4
3
0
0
0
0
3
1
3
0
3
0
2
2
5
0
3
4
5
2
4
4
4
0
0
1
0
0
0
2
4
0
4
1
1
0
3
5
2
0
0
4
1
0
5
0
1
0
0
2
4
0
0
4
5
3
2
2
0
0
0
1
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
5
0
0
2
3
0
3
1
2
1
2
0
1
0
2
4
5
0
5
0
5
0
0
0
2
3
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
0
0
4
2
3
3
0
3
0
3
0
0
4
3
4
5
0
3
0
3
0
2
2
5
2
4
2
3
4
0
0
0
0
1
1
5
0
0
3
0
0
3
0
1
1
0
4
0
0
0
0
4
4
4
0
3
2
2
0
0
5
2
0
0
1
2
4
0
3
5
3
4
5
0
3
0
0
0
3
0
1
2
2
0
3
0
1
0
3
0
2
1
0
1
3
0
5
4
3
0
0
0
1
3
2
5
0
0
5
0
0
4
2
5
5
2
3
3
5
3
3
5
4
0
0
2
3
2
0
0
3
0
4
0
1
3
0
4
0
0
2
1
5
2
0
0
0
2
2
0
3
0
1
5
5
0
3
2
0
0
2
4
3
3
0
0
0
3
4
2
0
1
2
0
3
4
0
4
3
3
3
4
4
2
3
5
1
1
3
3
0
3
4
5
0
2
0
3
3
3
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
4
1
0
0
0
0
2
2
5
3
4
0
0
4
3
0
3
3
0
3
1
0
3
3
0
0
0
3
0
4
0
0
2
5
0
2
2
3
0
0
0
3
2
5
5
3
0
1
0
1
5
0
0
4
0
3
0
0
0
4
2
2
0
4
0
3
0
1
2
0
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
2
0
3
4
1
5
2
1
1
4
0
3
2
1
3
1
2
4
0
2
2
4
1
4
0
4
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
3
2
1
1
0
4
5
1
4
0
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
1
3
1
5
0
0
1
4
0
5
2
0
2
3
3
5
4
3
3
5
2
3
2
0
1
4
5
3
3
0
1
5
2
4
1
0
2
0
1
1
3
2
1
3
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
4
2
0
4
0
2
2
1
4
2
2
3
3
1
4
1
4
4
3
2
2
3
3
1
2
1
0
1
2
4
3
0
1
3
4
0
4
0
0
3
0
0
5
3
0
1
0
5
3
3
3
0
4
0
2
0
0
4
3
2
1
1
5
4
4
0
3
0
0
0
1
0
0
3
0
2
3
4
5
2
0
1
5
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
1
0
3
0
3
3
1
0
3
3
0
0
3
2
0
3
0
0
0
2
0
0
1
1
3
4
0
5
0
0
3
0
5
0
2
1
0
0
1
0
2
2
0
2
0
2
3
5
4
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
1
4
1
0
2
0
0
3
4
0
1
2
2
3
0
3
3
4
0
2
0
3
3
0
1
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
2
2
0
3
5
2
0
0
3
1
3
5
2
4
0
0
0
3
0
4
1
4
1
0
1
4
0
0
5
0
0
0
2
3
0
4
4
4
0
4
0
1
3
5
1
0
2
0
5
5
2
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
2
4
0
0
4
1
2
3
2
4
4
0
3
1
0
0
5
3
3
1
2
1
0
5
0
4
0
0
5
0
0
3
4
2
5
3
1
5
5
2
0
0
0
0
5
4
2
1
1
0
3
0
0
0
2
0
0
5
0
1
5
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
3
1
2
0
0
0
3
0
3
3
3
0
0
0
2
4
0
1
3
4
5
0
2
1
3
0
3
1
1
4
1
0
0
2
3
4
1
0
2
0
3
0
3
0
3
0
3
3
2
0
4
2
0
3
1
3
2
1
5
0
0
3
4
0
5
2
0
0
5
3
0
5
0
0
2
3
0
0
3
2
0
0
0
5
4
0
0
0
1
5
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
3
3
0
5
2
0
0
1
4
3
2
3
3
0
1
0
4
2
0
0
0
4
2
0
3
5
3
5
0
0
2
3
0
0
4
3
4
0
3
3
0
0
0
2
4
0
0
2
0
0
5
1
0
0
2
3
1
1
0
3
0
3
0
5
3
0
5
3
0
4
3
1
1
0
4
2
2
2
2
0
3
5
1
0
3
3
1
0
3
2
0
2
2
4
5
1
4
1
0
0
0
0
0
3
4
0
1
0
5
4
0
1
0
0
0
1
4
4
2
0
0
0
0
1
1
2
0
5
1
4
2
3
3
4
0
0
3
0
1
0
0
0
0
3
0
5
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
2
2
0
0
1
0
2
4
4
0
1
0
0
5
0
2
3
1
4
2
5
5
3
0
5
5
4
0
0
5
2
2
5
0
5
0
0
0
1
0
1
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
5
5
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
3
2
3
0
0
5
3
0
1
1
0
5
3
0
3
3
0
2
2
2
3
2
3
3
0
4
4
0
1
0
4
0
0
5
0
3
0
5
0
1
0
2
0
0
0
5
1
0
3
3
2
2
3
3
0
3
2
0
0
4
0
0
2
2
0
1
2
0
2
0
1
3
2
0
3
0
5
5
0
4
4
4
5
2
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
1
5
1
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
4
1
4
5
0
3
4
3
5
0
4
0
3
3
5
5
0
3
5
2
5
1
3
0
3
2
1
3
0
5
0
0
0
2
5
0
0
5
0
3
2
0
4
0
3
1
4
0
0
5
3
0
3
0
0
4
5
0
0
4
3
0
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
1
0
0
2
0
4
5
1
5
0
5
0
3
0
4
0
4
0
5
1
4
0
5
3
2
3
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
5
3
0
3
2
2
0
1
3
2
3
0
0
3
1
1
2
0
2
3
1
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
3
0
5
4
5
2
0
2
3
2
0
0
5
4
0
0
4
2
1
0
0
2
0
0
0
4
0
3
3
3
0
0
4
3
1
4
5
0
4
0
1
0
0
0
2
3
2
3
2
3
0
2
5
5
4
0
5
0
0
5
0
1
3
0
2
4
0
1
3
0
1
4
1
4
1
0
5
0
0
2
1
0
1
5
3
2
3
0
0
4
4
0
0
1
0
3
0
4
1
3
0
2
1
4
0
0
5
0
3
0
4
0
4
2
3
3
4
1
5
4
0
3
0
4
3
0
4
5
2
5
0
5
4
2
0
0
5
0
5
4
2
5
4
0
0
2
0
2
2
2
1
1
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
3
5
0
0
5
0
1
0
3
0
3
1
4
3
2
3
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
3
0
4
5
0
2
0
4
4
0
0
1
5
0
3
2
3
2
5
4
0
2
0
2
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
2
2
4
3
0
0
3
1
3
0
3
4
0
0
0
0
4
2
1
3
5
4
2
1
3
3
5
2
5
3
0
0
0
2
1
0
0
3
5
1
3
1
5
0
1
1
3
3
2
5
2
3
0
1
0
5
0
4
0
5
0
2
0
3
2
3
0
0
5
5
4
2
0
1
5
0
0
5
2
4
0
1
0
3
4
2
0
4
0
5
2
0
4
0
1
0
2
0
0
1
4
4
0
4
4
3
0
0
1
0
0
4
5
1
0
1
2
3
0
0
5
0
2
4
1
2
0
2
4
0
0
4
2
2
1
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
3
2
0
0
4
0
0
3
1
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
3
1
1
0
0
0
0
4
2
3
0
5
0
0
0
0
2
2
0
1
3
5
4
1
3
3
5
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
5
0
5
0
0
0
4
3
0
3
3
4
3
0
0
5
0
2
4
2
3
5
1
2
0
1
1
4
4
4
1
0
3
0
0
4
1
0
3
5
3
3
0
4
0
4
4
0
1
0
1
1
0
3
3
0
0
0
1
1
2
3
0
0
1
2
0
0
3
1
3
0
4
0
2
2
3
0
3
0
5
0
0
4
0
5
4
4
0
5
0
2
5
1
2
5
1
0
0
0
1
0
5
0
0
1
0
1
2
0
0
0
3
0
1
0
1
0
2
4
2
4
1
0
5
0
4
3
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
1
5
3
1
3
2
3
1
0
4
2
5
0
0
1
0
0
2
0
0
2
2
0
5
1
1
0
4
3
2
4
3
4
3
1
0
0
0
0
1
3
0
0
1
5
5
1
5
2
5
0
0
1
1
4
0
5
1
0
2
3
3
0
5
2
2
0
5
0
3
5
4
0
2
3
0
4
2
5
0
0
2
3
0
0
0
3
0
2
5
4
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
1
3
0
0
0
0
3
0
4
1
0
0
0
2
0
4
0
0
0
3
0
3
2
0
0
2
0
3
4
0
4
4
0
1
3
0
0
1
5
3
1
0
4
2
1
0
3
0
0
4
5
4
0
0
5
5
3
1
1
4
3
0
2
2
2
0
5
4
3
2
3
2
5
3
1
2
0
3
0
0
0
4
1
0
2
5
2
0
4
2
2
1
1
5
4
0
0
1
3
4
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
5
0
2
1
0
2
1
2
2
0
4
1
0
1
4
2
5
5
0
4
3
5
4
0
4
0
0
0
4
3
0
5
3
3
5
0
0
0
4
4
0
0
2
0
0
5
3
4
3
4
0
0
4
3
1
2
1
2
0
4
3
4
3
2
2
2
0
4
3
0
2
2
0
3
0
0
3
3
3
3
0
0
2
4
1
0
3
0
4
0
0
4
0
3
1
0
4
2
3
0
0
4
4
0
1
0
5
0
3
0
0
3
2
0
5
0
4
5
0
0
2
5
1
1
0
5
3
0
1
0
0
4
5
1
0
0
2
4
0
3
3
0
1
5
5
0
0
0
3
1
0
2
2
1
3
1
5
0
2
0
0
1
0
0
1
3
0
0
4
3
0
4
0
4
0
5
5
0
4
2
4
4
5
0
2
0
1
0
2
4
0
2
5
5
4
0
0
3
1
1
0
0
0
5
4
2
0
4
3
5
3
0
4
1
0
4
0
3
1
0
0
3
0
0
3
2
0
3
0
3
0
3
3
2
3
2
0
1
3
0
3
0
3
0
0
3
2
1
0
0
0
4
0
3
1
0
3
1
1
1
4
0
0
4
4
5
0
2
3
2
0
5
0
0
0
3
0
1
0
0
1
2
2
1
3
3
0
5
0
4
3
2
3
3
3
2
0
4
0
3
0
0
1
0
1
2
0
5
2
3
4
3
4
4
2
4
0
0
3
1
5
5
2
0
3
3
4
0
5
3
2
4
0
2
0
2
3
0
2
2
0
1
2
4
0
5
0
3
1
3
0
0
3
3
0
5
0
2
5
0
0
1
0
0
5
4
0
0
4
0
0
1
0
2
0
0
0
0
2
1
0
2
4
4
2
5
0
0
0
0
0
4
3
3
1
0
0
3
4
5
3
4
0
0
2
1
4
1
2
2
3
2
5
5
4
1
0
0
2
1
4
4
0
0
2
4
0
2
0
0
5
0
1
1
0
3
5
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
4
3
0
4
3
2
4
0
0
5
3
5
5
0
0
1
2
0
3
0
0
0
4
0
3
0
0
5
5
5
3
0
2
1
0
1
4
0
0
4
2
1
5
2
3
3
5
0
0
4
4
5
0
4
3
1
2
0
0
1
3
2
5
0
2
2
1
0
0
0
0
3
5
4
2
0
0
4
0
5
3
4
0
5
0
0
0
1
0
3
5
0
0
2
3
0
1
3
0
2
4
3
0
2
1
3
0
3
2
0
5
5
5
0
0
2
0
2
4
0
2
1
0
0
0
5
5
2
5
3
0
3
3
0
3
3
1
5
5
0
2
3
2
0
0
5
3
4
4
0
1
0
3
4
3
3
0
5
4
2
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
2
3
3
5
4
0
0
3
3
0
3
4
5
2
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
4
1
4
0
1
3
5
5
2
0
0
Answer 13
5%
0
0
3
1
2
0
2
0
2
1
0
3
0
1
2
0
0
2
0
4
2
0
0
4
5
4
4
4
4
0
0
4
0
0
2
5
0
0
1
4
3
0
4
4
2
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
4
0
2
0
4
4
0
1
0
5
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
3
1
2
0
5
2
1
0
1
1
2
0
3
0
4
2
5
1
5
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
3
0
0
3
0
2
0
3
2
1
0
2
3
2
1
0
1
0
5
0
3
2
5
0
0
4
3
4
0
1
2
0
1
0
0
4
0
0
0
1
0
3
2
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
4
1
1
3
1
0
3
0
0
4
3
2
0
2
0
3
4
0
5
0
1
0
0
0
4
1
0
3
0
0
3
0
2
0
3
5
4
3
0
1
2
0
1
2
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
1
1
1
2
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
4
4
3
0
1
0
4
0
5
0
0
0
1
3
0
0
4
3
0
0
1
1
3
1
4
0
0
0
0
2
3
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
4
0
0
0
4
1
0
0
2
3
4
3
1
0
0
0
0
0
5
1
0
3
0
0
0
3
5
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
4
3
3
0
2
4
2
3
0
3
0
0
5
5
0
0
0
1
1
0
3
0
5
3
0
1
1
0
0
2
0
5
3
2
2
2
0
2
4
2
0
0
0
3
0
2
1
2
0
2
1
1
0
3
2
0
4
4
1
1
5
0
0
0
3
2
2
5
0
3
1
0
0
3
3
0
1
0
5
4
4
0
2
3
4
0
1
0
1
3
2
0
1
1
3
0
3
0
3
0
0
3
2
3
0
3
0
3
3
0
0
0
0
4
2
0
1
0
3
1
5
2
0
3
1
2
5
0
0
0
0
0
3
5
0
4
0
1
0
0
2
0
5
0
4
1
4
1
2
3
0
0
0
2
1
0
4
0
1
0
0
3
1
2
4
0
0
0
1
0
0
2
1
1
0
2
4
0
0
0
0
2
2
3
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
4
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
5
3
3
0
2
4
3
2
2
0
0
3
0
1
5
0
3
0
4
4
0
0
0
1
2
0
5
5
3
0
4
1
1
0
0
5
0
2
0
0
0
2
0
0
5
3
5
1
0
0
0
5
3
3
2
2
0
0
3
4
0
0
1
4
3
1
0
4
0
0
3
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
4
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2
0
1
3
0
0
3
2
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
4
3
0
4
0
3
0
3
5
0
5
0
3
4
3
0
1
0
1
0
0
3
0
0
4
5
1
0
0
3
1
0
2
0
0
0
5
2
0
0
0
5
5
0
1
1
0
4
2
3
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
4
0
5
0
3
0
3
2
0
2
4
0
0
3
0
4
0
5
4
0
5
3
0
0
0
5
3
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
4
0
1
0
2
0
0
1
1
0
1
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
1
2
1
2
0
5
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
1
3
1
2
2
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
2
1
3
4
3
3
4
0
2
5
1
5
0
1
0
1
2
3
0
2
3
3
5
0
2
0
3
3
0
0
3
0
4
3
2
0
3
0
0
3
3
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
5
2
3
0
2
0
0
5
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
3
0
2
4
4
2
4
0
0
0
0
0
4
3
1
4
1
0
0
3
5
2
5
0
0
4
3
3
3
5
2
4
2
1
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
1
1
5
0
1
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
1
5
4
0
0
0
5
0
0
3
5
0
1
3
0
4
0
0
0
3
2
3
0
0
2
3
0
3
0
0
0
4
4
3
0
0
5
4
5
3
0
3
2
2
3
4
0
0
4
3
1
2
4
2
3
1
0
0
4
0
0
0
3
1
3
3
0
0
3
0
2
5
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
4
3
4
2
0
0
2
4
0
0
3
0
2
5
0
0
2
0
3
5
0
0
2
0
0
0
4
0
1
1
4
0
0
1
3
0
0
0
0
4
4
3
0
0
1
0
0
3
3
2
1
0
0
0
4
1
1
4
4
0
3
3
4
3
3
2
4
5
0
0
3
2
0
0
3
2
0
4
0
0
0
2
1
2
4
0
5
2
0
3
0
0
0
4
0
0
4
0
0
0
4
5
5
5
0
1
3
2
0
3
2
4
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
2
0
1
3
5
5
3
0
0
Answer 14
6%
2
5
0
5
0
0
4
2
1
0
0
0
0
1
2
0
5
4
0
5
1
0
1
0
5
5
5
5
5
0
0
0
0
0
4
5
0
0
1
0
5
0
1
2
0
3
0
3
3
0
0
4
2
0
1
0
0
1
2
2
0
4
0
3
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
4
0
3
1
2
4
0
3
0
4
5
0
3
5
0
0
0
3
0
3
0
0
5
0
4
0
0
3
0
0
0
5
1
2
0
0
4
1
0
0
3
0
5
3
2
2
4
4
0
3
5
4
0
1
2
0
0
1
1
3
0
0
0
1
0
3
5
5
0
2
1
0
3
1
0
0
2
1
5
0
0
2
2
1
5
1
0
1
1
0
3
2
1
3
0
4
2
3
0
5
0
4
2
0
2
0
3
3
0
0
3
1
5
2
2
5
4
0
1
0
1
0
4
1
0
1
0
0
5
1
4
1
4
1
0
3
0
0
3
5
3
5
1
4
0
0
0
0
5
4
4
4
2
2
3
0
3
5
0
0
2
1
2
0
0
5
1
2
3
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
2
3
0
0
3
0
3
5
5
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
5
5
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
5
3
4
4
4
0
3
4
3
0
0
5
0
0
0
4
3
0
3
0
1
5
3
3
0
5
0
0
2
3
0
0
0
1
1
0
4
0
5
2
3
1
0
0
5
5
0
1
0
4
2
5
0
1
1
3
0
0
4
2
0
2
1
4
0
1
1
2
0
4
0
0
0
5
4
0
5
0
0
0
1
2
5
5
4
3
3
0
4
3
3
0
2
5
4
5
3
0
1
5
4
0
1
1
1
5
4
0
4
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
2
3
3
0
2
0
3
5
0
3
4
4
0
3
3
1
0
1
0
0
4
4
0
5
3
1
0
5
4
3
5
2
3
1
1
2
1
4
0
0
2
0
3
4
4
0
4
0
3
0
3
0
0
0
0
1
2
0
2
0
2
3
2
2
0
2
0
0
3
1
1
2
3
3
2
0
3
0
3
1
1
0
4
1
0
5
0
0
2
0
0
0
1
0
5
0
5
0
3
0
3
5
3
3
2
0
0
3
0
3
2
0
0
2
3
0
0
0
5
3
0
0
0
4
5
5
3
0
3
0
0
5
0
2
5
1
3
4
1
0
3
4
2
3
0
0
0
1
0
3
1
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
5
4
3
1
0
1
0
2
4
0
0
1
0
0
3
0
0
1
4
5
4
4
4
0
0
4
0
0
0
5
2
1
5
0
1
3
3
1
2
0
4
2
0
0
0
4
1
0
4
5
2
0
3
0
2
4
1
0
3
0
4
0
5
0
5
1
1
2
5
1
2
0
2
0
0
3
3
2
0
2
2
3
0
0
4
3
0
4
5
0
3
0
0
3
0
1
0
0
3
0
0
4
4
0
4
4
0
3
0
5
3
1
3
0
0
5
2
0
0
0
4
0
2
2
1
4
2
0
1
1
0
0
2
0
3
4
4
2
5
0
0
0
2
2
3
4
2
1
4
4
1
2
0
2
0
4
1
1
0
0
2
5
1
3
1
0
0
3
4
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
4
0
0
0
3
0
3
0
5
0
0
5
4
0
0
5
5
0
0
0
5
0
3
0
3
0
1
4
0
1
0
0
0
3
3
2
0
1
2
3
0
3
0
0
2
3
0
4
0
2
2
0
3
2
0
5
0
1
0
0
3
3
0
4
3
0
0
0
2
2
3
0
2
3
4
0
0
1
0
3
1
5
0
0
5
3
3
1
2
3
3
2
0
0
2
4
5
4
5
1
0
2
2
1
1
0
5
4
2
2
3
2
0
3
4
4
5
3
2
3
5
0
2
1
2
0
3
2
5
2
5
2
2
0
1
3
3
0
0
1
5
2
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
5
0
0
1
3
3
5
0
2
2
0
0
5
4
2
2
1
0
0
4
4
0
0
3
5
0
0
2
0
0
2
3
3
0
2
0
2
0
5
2
0
0
0
3
1
2
3
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
2
4
5
2
3
1
1
0
5
1
0
3
1
2
0
4
1
0
3
0
1
1
3
5
2
0
0
0
0
4
1
3
4
0
0
1
5
4
0
0
1
0
0
0
2
2
4
3
0
0
2
0
5
3
1
0
3
0
0
2
0
3
5
0
3
1
3
3
0
1
1
5
3
4
4
5
0
0
0
0
5
0
5
5
0
0
1
0
3
3
0
1
0
0
5
3
0
5
3
1
0
0
5
2
0
0
5
0
3
4
2
0
0
0
1
4
0
5
0
0
1
0
3
4
3
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
4
4
0
5
5
0
0
1
1
0
1
3
5
4
0
3
1
3
2
0
0
4
0
1
0
4
1
2
0
0
0
2
4
2
0
0
1
0
0
0
4
5
3
5
0
2
0
2
0
0
5
2
2
5
0
3
0
3
2
3
0
3
2
0
0
4
1
0
2
0
3
0
1
4
0
0
1
0
0
3
3
1
2
0
3
0
0
0
0
1
2
3
0
0
4
2
0
5
5
2
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
1
4
5
0
0
3
0
1
0
4
0
1
2
1
4
1
2
5
5
1
0
1
0
0
2
2
0
5
1
0
3
0
0
1
0
2
5
0
4
2
0
5
1
3
5
3
0
4
0
3
5
0
3
5
0
0
1
3
5
0
2
0
5
0
2
3
3
1
0
5
5
0
2
2
0
0
0
0
1
2
0
3
0
3
0
3
4
3
3
0
0
3
3
5
3
0
0
1
1
5
2
0
2
4
0
0
1
0
4
2
1
3
0
4
1
3
3
3
2
3
0
0
5
5
3
0
4
0
0
4
1
3
0
0
2
0
4
0
0
0
2
4
1
0
0
0
2
2
5
1
2
0
0
5
5
5
5
0
0
1
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
1
2
5
0
0
4
4
1
5
0
3
5
0
5
5
5
5
4
2
1
3
0
5
0
0
0
1
0
1
3
5
0
4
0
1
0
2
0
1
3
2
3
3
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
1
3
0
3
3
5
2
1
3
4
3
3
0
2
4
0
2
4
0
0
3
5
0
5
2
5
3
5
0
2
0
0
0
0
2
5
0
2
2
0
4
0
4
3
0
4
1
1
4
0
5
1
0
0
5
0
1
2
0
4
0
0
5
5
0
2
0
4
0
2
4
5
3
4
2
4
0
1
1
0
3
2
4
3
3
0
3
5
2
5
1
0
4
1
5
1
0
3
3
3
0
0
1
0
2
0
0
3
5
1
1
0
4
2
1
5
3
0
1
0
4
2
2
0
0
5
3
0
4
3
2
4
1
0
4
0
0
2
5
3
4
3
5
3
0
5
5
0
0
5
0
0
1
2
3
2
1
4
0
3
5
5
0
0
5
3
4
3
4
5
0
4
0
3
0
3
2
1
0
1
5
0
2
4
2
4
3
0
2
4
0
0
0
5
0
5
3
1
0
4
0
3
3
1
0
0
3
0
0
3
5
4
1
0
2
1
4
0
0
1
2
3
0
0
4
4
0
3
2
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
3
2
0
5
0
0
3
5
2
0
4
0
0
0
2
0
0
2
3
0
0
0
0
4
2
1
1
5
0
4
0
3
3
4
0
4
0
3
1
0
2
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
3
4
3
2
5
3
2
2
0
1
5
3
0
5
3
0
0
3
3
5
2
2
1
0
0
1
0
0
2
5
0
0
3
0
3
5
0
5
0
4
2
1
0
4
4
0
2
0
0
5
4
5
0
3
0
2
3
0
0
1
0
0
4
1
5
0
3
3
3
0
5
0
0
1
2
5
4
0
2
5
0
3
0
1
2
0
0
5
0
4
3
1
1
3
4
1
3
0
4
3
5
4
4
0
4
3
0
0
2
2
0
2
3
0
1
3
0
1
1
1
0
3
1
4
0
3
2
5
1
0
3
0
0
3
0
3
1
4
2
4
2
4
2
2
4
0
0
0
3
3
3
0
0
2
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
1
1
2
4
2
4
1
0
0
1
5
0
1
1
4
5
4
2
1
2
3
5
0
3
0
3
1
0
0
0
5
0
5
0
0
0
5
2
1
2
0
1
0
3
0
0
0
3
0
0
4
2
0
3
0
5
4
2
4
0
2
5
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
3
2
4
0
0
0
2
4
1
3
1
1
0
4
5
1
3
0
2
3
3
3
4
5
2
0
0
0
4
5
0
4
5
0
5
0
3
4
0
0
0
3
0
0
2
2
4
3
0
0
4
0
1
3
0
0
0
1
2
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
1
4
0
4
5
1
4
3
0
3
0
0
0
3
1
3
5
0
4
0
3
1
1
0
5
5
0
0
0
0
2
1
4
3
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
4
2
0
0
0
0
0
4
5
1
0
2
2
0
1
4
4
4
0
4
0
3
0
3
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
1
5
0
3
2
3
0
0
2
0
5
3
1
0
2
0
0
2
0
2
2
0
0
3
1
5
0
0
5
4
2
0
0
5
4
1
0
0
4
0
5
0
0
2
4
2
5
1
0
4
3
0
1
3
0
0
0
3
3
0
0
0
4
3
0
0
4
1
1
0
1
3
2
3
3
2
0
5
4
0
5
4
0
0
1
2
2
5
4
3
0
1
1
0
4
5
4
0
0
5
0
5
0
5
0
0
0
2
4
0
1
3
0
3
2
1
5
1
2
1
0
0
3
0
0
5
0
1
2
0
0
0
4
0
3
0
2
4
3
0
4
4
5
5
3
4
1
5
2
2
0
0
0
3
5
2
4
0
3
0
0
2
0
3
0
0
5
0
3
0
0
3
4
3
4
4
5
4
0
0
3
3
2
0
3
0
2
5
5
3
3
1
3
2
2
4
0
0
1
4
0
4
5
3
0
4
0
3
3
0
0
3
3
3
1
0
2
0
2
0
4
1
0
4
4
0
5
5
0
0
4
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
2
2
4
3
0
3
1
1
2
0
4
2
4
0
0
0
3
0
4
0
5
0
4
5
0
2
4
3
3
1
0
0
0
1
4
0
5
5
3
0
0
3
0
5
0
0
2
2
0
3
3
4
3
2
3
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
3
5
2
0
1
3
2
1
0
3
5
0
5
4
5
0
0
4
1
0
3
2
3
0
0
0
3
0
5
1
5
0
0
4
5
2
1
4
0
4
0
3
0
2
0
1
1
0
5
1
1
0
2
0
5
3
0
5
5
0
5
0
0
0
4
5
5
0
2
1
0
1
5
3
0
3
0
2
0
0
2
4
0
3
4
2
4
0
0
0
4
0
0
4
1
0
3
4
4
2
3
0
5
1
2
3
0
2
0
2
0
0
0
1
2
0
2
4
4
4
1
3
1
0
5
0
0
4
5
4
0
0
5
4
2
0
2
5
0
4
4
0
1
2
0
0
2
4
0
2
2
1
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
0
0
0
3
2
0
1
0
2
2
3
5
2
3
0
0
0
1
0
2
5
0
0
5
5
4
0
0
3
0
0
2
5
0
5
4
1
4
2
5
3
2
1
0
2
2
0
0
3
1
2
0
4
0
1
3
5
3
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
4
3
0
2
4
2
5
1
3
3
0
2
0
0
1
2
0
4
0
1
1
2
2
3
0
0
1
3
2
3
0
2
1
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
5
4
1
0
5
1
4
0
0
5
4
4
5
4
0
5
0
0
3
0
4
3
0
0
0
4
4
3
3
0
4
5
1
3
2
0
0
0
5
0
3
4
3
0
0
5
2
1
0
3
0
0
1
5
3
0
3
2
3
0
0
5
0
0
2
5
1
2
0
0
1
0
0
5
1
3
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
4
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
3
0
1
0
1
2
0
0
0
2
4
1
0
0
0
0
3
5
2
5
0
4
3
1
5
0
1
1
5
0
2
0
5
0
1
0
5
0
4
0
2
4
5
0
0
4
4
2
4
0
0
5
2
2
4
2
1
5
4
0
0
0
0
3
3
5
0
3
5
1
4
4
1
0
0
5
3
4
0
0
0
0
1
0
3
0
0
1
0
3
3
0
4
0
4
1
2
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
3
1
0
2
3
4
3
1
4
5
1
2
5
0
4
4
1
3
5
1
0
5
3
3
1
0
4
0
2
0
4
0
2
3
5
3
0
4
0
3
3
0
4
0
4
3
2
2
3
0
0
4
2
1
4
0
0
0
2
4
0
1
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
2
0
1
5
0
0
4
3
0
3
1
5
0
0
3
5
0
3
0
5
4
4
0
3
4
1
0
0
3
1
2
3
5
3
0
5
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
3
4
4
2
0
4
4
0
0
0
0
4
0
5
0
0
2
4
1
0
3
1
3
0
5
3
0
3
1
0
4
3
0
1
3
1
2
4
5
5
0
0
0
3
0
1
3
4
0
3
5
0
0
0
4
1
2
0
0
0
4
0
0
5
1
2
3
0
0
3
0
3
2
0
2
0
4
0
1
3
2
0
3
0
5
1
0
4
3
1
2
4
5
5
3
2
4
1
0
5
2
1
0
0
1
0
4
5
4
0
0
4
5
0
1
3
4
2
0
4
3
1
4
4
4
3
0
3
4
3
2
1
2
0
5
0
0
0
2
1
0
1
1
3
4
2
2
2
3
2
5
2
0
0
3
0
2
0
1
5
0
0
0
0
0
4
2
2
5
2
2
2
1
0
5
2
0
0
5
0
0
4
0
0
5
5
3
0
4
4
0
0
4
4
1
5
1
2
5
0
5
0
4
0
4
0
5
0
0
2
5
5
0
0
0
0
3
2
3
2
5
2
0
2
0
4
0
2
1
3
3
0
2
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
2
3
3
0
0
4
5
3
0
0
4
1
4
0
3
1
3
0
3
5
3
4
0
0
1
3
0
3
0
2
3
3
0
0
0
1
0
5
0
4
1
0
0
4
3
1
1
0
4
3
0
2
3
0
3
2
3
0
0
2
2
0
0
2
0
3
5
4
4
0
0
4
5
3
1
4
1
3
4
5
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
1
3
0
0
0
2
0
4
0
3
0
5
5
0
5
5
4
0
1
0
4
1
0
0
4
2
0
0
4
4
3
0
0
2
1
2
0
4
0
0
2
3
0
3
0
2
2
0
3
1
0
4
0
3
3
4
0
0
5
0
5
1
4
3
0
4
4
3
4
3
4
1
0
0
5
0
0
0
4
0
2
0
3
2
0
0
4
2
3
0
1
0
2
1
4
0
4
3
0
5
1
5
0
1
1
2
0
5
0
3
0
2
0
0
0
3
5
3
3
3
2
0
3
5
4
2
0
1
1
0
3
4
4
4
4
3
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
4
3
5
3
0
4
4
0
0
5
0
2
0
2
0
2
1
3
0
3
1
4
5
0
2
0
4
1
0
0
5
3
1
0
0
0
5
3
0
1
1
0
0
4
0
4
4
0
4
3
0
2
0
0
3
0
4
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
4
4
5
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
3
3
5
3
0
3
0
0
4
4
5
0
0
3
3
5
1
2
5
0
2
1
2
4
0
0
0
0
0
1
5
0
3
3
5
0
0
0
0
3
3
4
0
5
2
5
2
0
0
0
0
3
0
5
5
0
4
3
3
3
0
5
0
2
2
1
0
0
3
3
0
4
2
1
0
5
3
3
0
0
5
2
5
3
0
1
0
0
1
3
0
0
2
1
0
5
1
3
3
1
1
0
0
3
0
0
4
3
3
3
1
0
5
2
1
5
0
3
0
1
0
0
0
0
3
4
1
0
0
0
3
0
5
4
4
0
5
0
0
5
4
0
3
3
0
4
4
4
0
2
0
1
1
2
3
0
2
0
4
0
0
1
0
4
4
3
0
0
0
5
0
4
0
1
5
0
0
0
5
1
1
2
4
0
3
2
1
4
2
1
3
2
0
1
3
3
0
0
5
3
4
3
0
4
0
3
1
4
5
0
4
5
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
2
0
2
4
0
3
0
0
0
4
0
3
3
2
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
3
3
3
0
3
3
5
3
3
0
0
Answer 15
5%
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
1
0
0
3
0
0
0
2
1
2
2
0
0
0
4
5
2
2
1
0
0
0
2
3
2
2
0
0
2
0
3
0
2
4
0
3
0
4
0
1
5
0
1
3
0
0
2
1
0
2
0
2
5
3
3
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
2
0
2
2
0
0
3
1
0
3
3
0
2
0
0
0
4
5
0
0
2
0
2
0
5
2
1
0
5
1
5
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
4
0
0
0
4
2
0
0
3
2
0
0
0
4
4
0
2
0
0
2
2
4
3
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
4
1
0
0
0
0
3
1
0
1
5
0
1
2
1
4
0
1
0
5
0
2
2
0
1
2
5
3
4
4
0
1
5
2
4
1
1
0
0
3
2
0
0
3
0
0
1
2
0
2
0
1
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
1
5
3
0
2
2
3
0
3
0
0
0
1
2
0
0
0
2
0
0
1
3
0
0
0
0
2
0
2
0
2
2
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
3
5
2
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
3
5
3
0
0
0
5
0
0
4
0
4
0
2
3
0
3
5
2
3
0
1
0
1
0
0
2
4
0
2
5
1
3
0
4
0
5
1
1
1
0
0
5
3
0
1
5
1
2
4
0
0
0
1
0
0
3
3
2
3
0
1
2
3
1
4
0
1
0
0
3
3
4
3
2
0
0
3
0
1
3
5
5
3
1
4
0
3
3
0
0
0
4
5
3
0
1
5
5
0
3
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
4
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
5
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
4
0
0
1
4
3
3
1
1
3
5
4
0
0
0
0
3
5
2
0
1
5
0
5
5
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
3
3
0
1
0
1
0
0
2
0
1
0
4
0
0
4
0
1
0
1
0
0
2
3
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
2
3
0
1
3
0
1
2
0
2
5
3
4
3
0
0
2
0
4
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
4
1
0
3
0
3
0
0
2
0
0
0
1
0
3
0
0
5
2
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
2
0
0
0
0
3
3
2
0
5
3
1
0
0
4
0
0
3
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
4
4
3
3
0
0
1
0
0
0
3
0
2
0
0
1
0
0
0
3
4
0
2
0
0
2
3
0
1
0
2
2
0
5
0
0
2
1
0
3
0
0
1
5
0
2
2
1
3
2
1
4
4
0
0
0
2
2
4
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
5
2
3
0
0
1
4
0
0
1
0
0
0
5
5
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
2
0
0
0
2
0
1
2
1
0
0
4
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
2
2
3
4
1
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
1
1
1
3
0
1
3
0
0
0
2
1
0
0
5
2
5
1
1
1
0
1
0
2
0
1
3
0
0
0
5
0
4
0
0
0
4
2
1
0
5
0
5
4
0
2
0
5
2
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
1
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
4
4
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
3
1
0
1
2
0
5
1
0
3
0
0
0
0
1
5
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
2
0
0
4
2
0
0
5
0
0
3
1
5
0
0
2
2
1
4
0
0
1
5
0
0
1
5
4
3
4
0
0
1
0
0
0
2
3
2
0
0
5
3
0
0
0
0
2
3
0
0
4
0
2
0
1
0
3
0
0
3
3
2
4
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
5
1
3
3
0
0
4
0
0
5
0
3
0
0
0
4
1
0
0
1
3
0
0
1
1
0
0
5
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
3
5
0
4
0
0
0
2
0
0
1
2
2
0
1
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
4
0
1
1
0
0
1
2
0
0
0
0
4
0
2
0
3
5
4
5
2
2
2
1
5
3
0
2
5
0
0
0
1
0
0
3
2
0
2
3
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
3
4
0
0
0
0
0
1
4
0
0
1
0
5
0
3
1
3
2
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
2
4
0
2
0
2
0
3
3
4
3
3
0
2
1
5
0
4
5
1
0
0
1
0
2
0
3
4
0
0
4
2
2
3
5
3
0
0
4
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
4
2
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
1
0
0
0
0
2
3
0
1
0
2
2
0
0
0
0
1
2
0
0
2
0
0
1
1
0
5
0
5
2
0
1
2
0
1
0
0
3
1
0
0
1
1
4
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
4
3
1
2
1
1
0
1
0
2
2
2
2
1
3
2
1
1
0
1
0
4
4
0
0
3
0
0
2
0
4
0
3
5
0
0
0
2
0
3
0
2
0
4
3
0
4
0
0
3
2
1
3
0
0
5
0
1
5
1
0
4
0
4
3
0
0
3
2
3
0
0
1
0
0
0
4
0
3
2
0
0
4
0
1
0
2
3
4
0
0
1
4
0
0
4
0
0
0
5
1
0
1
3
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
2
4
0
4
0
3
5
3
4
3
5
0
1
3
5
0
2
1
0
0
0
3
1
5
0
1
3
0
1
3
0
0
1
0
3
0
0
1
0
0
3
0
0
1
0
4
0
1
2
2
0
0
0
2
1
0
5
0
3
3
0
0
2
0
2
1
1
4
2
3
3
2
3
5
0
4
0
0
3
3
5
0
3
0
0
4
1
2
0
0
0
1
0
0
5
0
4
1
1
0
1
0
2
4
3
3
3
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
4
1
1
3
1
0
1
4
1
0
5
0
4
0
0
0
2
0
1
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
3
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
2
0
0
1
2
0
0
1
2
0
0
0
0
2
3
0
3
2
0
0
2
4
4
4
0
2
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
3
0
1
2
3
5
0
4
3
1
1
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
5
1
1
1
2
0
0
0
0
5
2
0
3
0
4
1
2
2
5
2
1
0
3
1
1
3
0
3
2
3
0
4
0
0
5
1
5
1
0
1
0
3
3
0
5
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
3
1
0
1
2
4
1
0
0
0
2
1
1
0
0
0
2
0
2
2
0
2
3
0
4
0
2
1
0
2
1
3
0
3
2
5
2
0
0
3
0
0
1
0
1
4
1
1
4
1
0
5
0
0
5
4
5
3
2
5
0
3
1
0
0
2
0
1
0
0
5
0
4
3
1
4
2
0
1
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
1
1
1
4
1
0
0
1
2
0
3
3
0
4
1
1
0
0
2
5
0
3
1
0
0
4
0
2
3
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
4
0
1
1
0
3
0
3
3
0
2
0
2
0
0
0
1
0
1
3
0
0
1
0
0
3
2
3
1
4
0
1
0
0
1
3
0
2
3
2
4
0
1
0
0
3
3
0
0
0
1
4
3
2
3
2
0
1
0
1
5
3
2
0
0
5
2
3
0
5
1
3
1
0
3
4
0
0
3
0
5
0
3
3
0
0
3
2
1
3
0
3
4
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
5
0
1
2
0
0
0
4
0
3
0
5
0
0
0
3
0
5
0
5
0
2
3
4
0
0
1
1
5
1
4
0
0
0
5
0
4
0
1
4
1
0
0
4
0
0
4
3
0
1
0
3
1
0
0
0
0
0
4
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
2
2
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
5
0
3
1
1
2
0
0
2
0
2
4
0
0
0
0
1
1
4
0
3
4
5
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
4
2
1
0
0
4
1
2
2
0
5
0
3
0
2
0
4
0
1
4
1
0
0
3
5
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
4
0
3
4
0
3
2
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
5
5
0
1
0
3
3
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
5
2
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
2
1
0
0
3
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
0
0
1
3
5
0
0
5
1
4
4
1
5
3
0
0
3
0
3
2
3
2
0
0
3
4
0
1
1
3
0
0
1
0
0
3
2
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
2
4
0
3
1
0
4
0
4
3
3
1
0
0
0
2
1
0
0
0
3
0
1
3
2
4
1
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
1
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
1
1
1
4
0
0
0
0
1
1
5
0
0
3
0
1
1
2
4
0
3
0
0
0
3
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
4
1
0
0
1
0
2
2
5
0
1
0
0
1
0
3
3
0
0
3
0
3
0
0
5
5
0
0
0
2
0
0
5
0
3
0
1
0
4
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
3
0
0
3
2
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
3
1
3
0
3
2
2
4
3
2
2
0
4
0
3
2
0
3
0
2
2
2
0
3
0
2
3
5
5
5
4
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
1
0
0
0
3
2
2
2
1
5
1
3
0
0
0
0
0
5
2
0
1
3
0
3
2
2
3
2
3
1
0
2
3
5
2
0
1
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
2
0
0
0
3
4
4
3
0
3
0
0
0
2
3
0
0
3
0
2
3
0
0
4
4
5
0
0
0
2
0
5
0
0
1
4
5
3
4
0
0
5
2
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
3
3
0
3
0
0
1
0
5
0
1
0
4
3
2
4
1
0
5
0
0
5
2
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
4
0
3
0
0
3
3
4
5
3
5
2
2
0
1
0
0
0
3
1
3
5
5
0
5
3
0
3
2
0
1
5
0
0
2
0
3
0
0
5
4
0
0
3
0
3
0
0
4
1
0
2
1
3
2
0
3
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
5
0
3
1
3
3
1
3
3
3
0
5
4
2
0
0
5
1
0
1
4
0
0
0
5
2
0
0
1
3
5
0
0
4
0
3
4
0
4
0
1
0
0
0
3
0
3
3
4
3
5
1
0
3
3
0
3
0
0
3
0
0
0
2
2
2
5
0
4
0
4
5
5
0
2
0
3
0
0
4
4
0
4
0
1
4
0
0
2
5
0
0
2
2
0
3
0
3
1
4
0
0
3
1
3
0
3
0
1
0
2
0
1
3
0
3
2
2
3
2
0
4
0
0
1
0
2
5
0
0
0
2
0
2
0
4
0
0
4
3
0
3
1
0
3
0
1
0
3
2
4
3
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
3
1
1
0
0
0
2
0
4
0
1
1
4
3
3
0
0
1
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
1
3
0
2
1
4
4
1
2
2
0
0
3
3
0
2
0
3
0
2
0
3
0
2
2
0
0
3
0
1
0
5
4
0
0
0
3
0
4
1
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
3
3
0
1
4
1
5
3
1
3
0
0
0
0
1
0
5
0
0
0
2
1
0
3
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
3
0
3
0
4
2
2
0
0
0
5
2
2
0
0
5
0
0
3
0
4
0
0
0
1
4
2
0
5
0
1
1
0
2
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
5
2
0
0
1
5
3
0
1
0
0
0
0
3
1
2
1
0
2
0
0
0
0
4
1
4
5
5
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
2
0
2
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
3
1
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
1
4
1
5
2
4
1
5
0
0
4
5
0
0
0
1
2
1
0
3
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
5
0
0
4
0
0
0
1
2
5
2
1
0
0
4
4
3
0
0
3
2
0
0
0
2
3
0
4
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
3
3
0
0
0
1
3
2
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
0
3
0
2
3
5
0
2
2
2
0
5
0
0
4
0
3
4
1
0
5
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
5
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
5
5
0
0
2
2
0
3
0
5
2
0
0
0
4
0
5
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
0
4
0
0
0
2
0
2
2
4
0
0
1
2
0
3
2
1
3
4
3
4
0
5
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
2
0
3
2
0
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
2
1
4
0
4
4
4
0
5
2
1
0
4
0
4
4
0
0
1
0
0
2
0
4
0
0
0
2
0
0
3
1
1
2
0
0
0
2
3
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
4
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
5
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
2
0
0
4
0
0
1
0
3
2
1
0
0
4
0
0
0
3
3
4
0
4
0
0
3
5
3
0
0
3
3
4
1
0
2
1
0
4
1
1
0
3
2
0
1
1
3
5
5
1
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
2
0
1
4
3
0
2
0
0
5
0
1
0
2
0
0
0
5
0
0
1
3
3
5
0
1
0
1
0
5
0
0
4
1
0
4
4
0
0
2
1
0
2
3
0
0
1
3
2
0
2
1
3
5
0
0
0
2
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
4
0
0
0
0
1
0
3
1
5
1
0
4
3
3
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
2
1
1
3
0
3
2
3
4
0
0
3
1
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
3
5
2
0
0
4
4
0
0
0
4
0
1
0
0
5
0
0
5
0
4
2
0
0
1
2
0
3
0
2
3
0
1
2
0
0
4
1
0
0
1
0
0
4
1
5
4
5
5
0
0
0
2
0
1
2
4
1
2
2
2
0
3
2
2
2
5
0
1
3
5
0
0
1
5
5
0
5
3
2
1
0
3
1
3
3
5
3
1
1
3
0
2
0
0
0
3
2
4
0
0
1
2
2
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
5
0
1
3
0
1
1
0
2
0
4
2
4
0
0
0
0
1
0
2
0
0
5
5
2
3
3
3
1
0
0
0
0
4
0
3
5
5
1
0
0
0
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
3
4
0
2
1
2
0
1
5
0
3
3
1
3
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
2
1
0
3
0
0
1
2
4
0
0
1
1
0
5
0
3
0
2
2
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
3
1
2
2
3
0
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
0
2
1
3
0
1
1
5
4
0
0
2
1
1
0
1
4
0
1
2
0
4
1
0
2
3
3
0
4
0
0
0
4
0
3
2
3
0
0
0
3
0
1
0
1
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
2
0
0
3
4
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
1
0
3
1
0
0
0
1
2
3
0
0
0
4
1
5
1
2
0
4
1
5
4
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
3
4
2
2
0
0
1
0
1
4
1
0
1
3
5
0
5
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
5
0
0
1
0
3
1
5
3
4
3
0
1
2
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
3
4
4
0
0
0
0
2
4
0
3
5
1
1
1
0
0
4
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
3
1
1
0
0
3
4
1
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
3
2
1
1
0
0
0
2
0
5
0
4
0
0
5
0
0
5
3
3
3
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
3
0
4
2
2
5
0
2
0
4
4
3
0
0
2
0
0
5
0
3
3
4
4
0
5
1
0
3
2
0
1
0
1
3
2
2
1
5
0
2
3
3
0
2
0
4
0
3
0
1
0
4
2
2
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
2
3
5
1
0
1
4
4
3
3
2
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
4
0
1
0
1
5
3
3
0
0
0
Answer 16
2%
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
4
0
0
1
0
0
0
2
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
3
1
0
0
0
0
1
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
3
0
1
0
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出口到MS Excel
This SaaS SDTEST® data allows you to explore how different value systems influence decision-making. Access to the survey results is complimentary and available in the FAQ section after registration (no need for a bank card).
The significance of the study is determined by its potential to develop more effective strategies for conflict management and improve communication in organizations and societies. Understanding how fears and values influence policy choices can help create the conditions for more constructive conflict resolution and increased levels of trust and cooperation between people.
o Goals and objectives of the article
This article aims to comprehensively analyze players' behavior strategies in the prisoner's dilemma based on data from SaaS SDTEST® - personal color profiles on Spiral Dynamics and correlations between Spiral Dynamics colors and fears. We aim to show how different levels of value systems affect decision-making and offer practical recommendations for managing conflicts in real conditions.
To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set:
1. Study of theoretical foundations:
- To consider the main provisions of game theory and the prisoner's dilemma.
- Briefly describe the theory of Spiral Dynamics and its relationship to value systems.
2. Methodological approach:
- Justify using SaaS SDTEST® data - personal profiles for analyzing behavioral strategies.
- Apply the table of correlation coefficients between the colors of Spiral Dynamics and fears to determine the influence of fears on players' behavior.
3. Data Analysis and Interpretation:
- Analyze the color profiles and fears of the players.
- To identify the dependencies between the levels of Spiral Dynamics and behavioral strategies.
- Compare the findings with the classic prisoner's dilemma.
4. Development of practical recommendations:
- To propose conflict management strategies based on the results of the analysis.
- Consider the possible applications of spiral dynamics theory and game theory in various fields (organizational management, psychology, sociology, etc.).
5. Summary of conclusions:
- To formulate the main conclusions of the study.
- To determine the contribution of this work to the development of conflict theory and interaction strategies.
- To outline the prospects for further research and possible directions for future work.
These goals and objectives are aimed at an in-depth understanding of decision-making mechanisms in conflict situations. They can be useful both for theoretical analysis and practical application in conflict management and resolution.
o Substantiation of the choice of analysis methods
In this study, methods that combine theoretical and empirical approaches from game theory and Spiral Dynamics were chosen to analyze the strategies of players' behavior in the prisoner's dilemma. Several key factors justify this choice of methods:
1. Integration of Game Theory and Spiral Dynamics:
- Game theory provides universal models for analyzing conflicts and interactions between rational agents. The prisoner's dilemma is one of the most well-known and frequently used models, illustrating the problem of choosing a strategy in the face of uncertainty and interdependence of players' decisions.
- Spiral Dynamics describes the development of value systems and cultural memes that influence people's behavior and motivations. This theory allows us to consider psychological and socio-cultural factors that are not always visible in classical game theory models.
2. Use of SaaS SDTEST® Data:
- Personal color profiles of players provide quantitative data about each player's value systems, expressed in the form of color codes. This data allows us to identify the prevailing values and motivations influencing their behavioral strategies.
- The personal color profiles of players allow for a more accurate and in-depth analysis of the participant’s personal and cultural characteristics, which is important for understanding their behavior in conflict situations.
- The table of correlation coefficients between the colors of Spiral Dynamics and fears (bookmark Correlation on the vidget above) provides information on which fears have the most decisive influence on representatives of different value systems.
3. Analysis of the correlations between the colors of the Spiral Dynamics and fears:
- Analysis of these correlations helps to identify how certain fears can influence the choice of strategies in the prisoner's dilemma. This allows you to take into account the emotional and psychological aspects of the behavior of the players.
4. Methodological synthesis:
- Combining data from game theory and Spiral Dynamics creates a multidimensional picture of player behavior that considers both rational and irrational factors.
- This approach allows for a more complete and adequate assessment of the players' motivations and strategies, which is important for developing practical recommendations for conflict management.
5. Practical applicability:
- The results of this study can be used to develop strategies for managing and resolving conflicts in various fields, from organizational management to psychotherapy and sociology.
- Understanding how fears and values influence behavior can help create more effective communication strategies and increase trust and cooperation.
Thus, the choice of analysis methods is due to the need for a comprehensive study of behavior strategies in the prisoner's dilemma, considering both rational and emotional aspects and ensuring the practical applicability of the results obtained.
2. Theoretical overview
o Game theory and the prisoner's dilemma
Game theory is a powerful tool for analyzing the strategic interactions between rational agents. It is widely used in various disciplines, including economics, political science, sociology, and biology, to model and predict behavior in conflict situations. One of the central models in game theory is the prisoner's dilemma, which vividly illustrates the complexity of decision-making under uncertainty and interdependence.
The Prisoner's Dilemma is a classic problem in game theory proposed by Melvin Drescher and Morgenstern in the 1950s and popularized by Albert Tucker. The essence of the task is as follows:
Two criminals, A and B, are arrested and isolated from each other. The investigator has sufficient evidence to charge them with a minor crime, but he suspects that they are also involved in a more serious crime. The investigator offers each of them a deal:
- If one of them betrays (cooperates with the police) the other, and the other remains silent, then the traitor will be released, and the silent one will receive the maximum punishment (5 years in prison).
- If both betray each other, they will both receive a moderate sentence (3 years in prison).
- If both remain silent, they will both receive a minimum sentence for a misdemeanor (2 years in prison).
The payment matrix for the prisoner's dilemma is as follows:
Table No. 01.
Main aspects of the prisoner's dilemma:
- Invisibility of another player's strategy: Each player makes a decision without knowing what decision the other will make.
- Conflict between individual and collective interests: the optimal strategy for each player individually (betray) leads to the worst collective outcome (both receive 3 years in prison).
- Disbelief and distrust: Despite the obvious benefit of cooperation (the traitor will be released), the fear of possible betrayal makes players betray each other.
The prisoner's dilemma demonstrates a fundamental problem: rational behavior at the individual level can lead to an irrational outcome at the collective level. This problem has many real-world applications, such as the arms race, competition between companies, and environmental issues.
Theoretical foundations of game theory:
- Rationality: Players strive to maximize their benefits by making decisions based on logic and available information.
- Nash Equilibrium: A state where no player can improve their score by unilaterally changing their strategy. In the prisoner's dilemma, Nash's equilibrium is reached when both players betray each other.
- Communication and cooperation: The ability to communicate between players can change the outcome of a game. For example, if the players can agree on joint actions, they can achieve a better collective result.
Game theory, and in particular the prisoner's dilemma, provides valuable insights into the complex dynamics of interaction and decision-making. In the context of this study, these concepts are used to analyze player behavior strategies based on data from the SaaS SDTEST® - personal color profiles of players by Spiral Dynamics and correlation data with fears (bookmark Correlation on the vidget above).
o Introduction to Spiral Dynamics: Color Levels and Their Meaning
Spiral Dynamics is a theory developed by Don Beck and Chris Cowan based on the work of psychologist Claire Graves. The theory describes the development of human consciousness through a series of successive stages or "color levels," each representing a specific set of values, worldviews, and ways of thinking. These levels are not fixed or linear; Individuals and societies can move between them depending on external and internal factors.
Each color level of the Spiral Dynamics represents not just a separate set of values but also a certain way of perceiving the world and responding to challenges. Individuals and societies can exhibit elements of several levels simultaneously, but at a certain point in time, one of the levels usually dominates.
This study uses personal color profiles of players obtained using the SaaS SDTEST® to analyze their possible strategies in the prisoner's dilemma. Combined with data from the correlations between colors and fears identified in the ongoing 恐惧 survey (on the vidget above), this allows for a deeper understanding of the motivations and behavior of players in different scenarios.
o The Influence of Value Systems on the Behavior of Individuals
Value systems play a key role in shaping the behavior and decisions of individuals. Spiral Dynamics offers a framework for understanding these systems through color levels, each representing a unique set of beliefs, motivations, and reactions to the world around them.
Table No. 03.
Value systems determine how individuals perceive the world and make decisions. In a prisoner's dilemma, these systems can significantly influence the choice of strategy. For example, a person with a dominant blue level (BLUE) may lean toward following rules and making collective decisions. In contrast, an individual with a red level (RED) will seek dominance and control, which may lead to more aggressive strategies.
Thus, understanding individuals' value systems is key in predicting their behavior in various situations, including complex moral and ethical dilemmas, such as the prisoner's dilemma.
3. Research Methodology
o SDTEST® Profiles and Their Values
We used the SaaS SDTEST® for free to analyze individuals' behavior in a prisoner's dilemma situation. This tool allows you to determine individuals' prevailing value systems according to the Spiral Dynamics model. SaaS SDTEST® provides a quantitative assessment of each color level, which allows for a deeper understanding of a person's motivations and likely actions in various situations.
Testing process and interpretation of results
1. Taking the SDTEST® :
- Participants take a free online self-assessment test consisting of 5 statements designed to identify their prevailing value orientations.
2. Obtaining Color Profiles:
- The test results provide values in percentage (%) for each Spiral Dynamics color level: Beige, Purple, Red, Blue, Orange, Green, Yellow, and Turquoise as a chart.
- Values in percentage (%) range from 0 to 40, where higher values indicate a more pronounced presence of the corresponding value system in the individual's personality.
3. Interpretation of color profiles:
- It is provided free of charge, along with the test result in the form of a chart.
Examples of color profiles
For our study, two examples of personal color profiles are taken (%):
Table No. 04.
These personal color profiles of players provide insight into which value systems dominate each player and how they can influence their behavior in a prisoner's dilemma.
Correlation with the 恐惧 survey
Data on the correlation of personal color profiles with fears from the 恐惧 survey was used for further analysis.
This made it possible to select fears suitable for the prisoner's dilemma and that can affect the players' choice of strategy.
Thus, the use of SaaS SDTEST® data - personal color profiles and fear correlation data - provided us with a comprehensive understanding of individuals' motivations and likely behavior, which became the basis for our analysis and conclusions within the framework of this article.
o Using the Correlation Coefficients Table
Our study used a table of correlation coefficients (bookmark Correlation on the vidget above) to assess the relationship between participants' value systems and potential behavior in the prisoner's dilemma. This table allows us to determine the extent and direction of the relationship between the color levels of Spiral Dynamics and the various fears identified through the 恐惧 survey.
Description of the table of correlation coefficients
Correlation coefficients:
- The table contains the values of the Student's and Spearman's correlation coefficients depending on the type of distribution (normal / non-normal), which show the strength and direction of the relationship between color levels and different fears.
- Positive correlation coefficients indicate a direct relationship: an increase in the value of one indicator is associated with an increase in the value of another.
- Negative correlation coefficients indicate an inverse relationship: an increase in the value of one indicator is associated with a decrease in the value of another.
Analysis Process
1. Data Collection:
- For our study, two examples of personal color profiles are taken.
- Then, the selection of fears that affect the choice of strategy is carried out. Prison conditions are harsh for the average person. In prisons, there is a danger of HIV/AIDS; an old person will have to endure public humiliation and attacks by criminals, which can end in death. In addition, there is often arbitrariness among the prison authorities. Table No. 5 shows an example of the selection of fears that will be involved in further analysis.
Table No. 05.
From the analysis of strategies, the correlation coefficients of two fears - World War and Disasters - will be excluded as they do not correspond to the prisoner's dilemma.
2. Interpretation of data:
- Fears that can affect the strategic behavior of players in the prisoner's dilemma are selected.
Using the table of correlation coefficients allowed us to analyze in detail the influence of various insurance factors on players' behavior based on their value systems. This made it possible to make more informed assumptions about the strategies participants would choose in a prisoner's dilemma situation and provide more accurate recommendations for managing their behavior in similar settings.
o Logic and justification of the choice of players' strategies
In this article, we have used an approach based on a combination of game theory, Spiral Dynamics, and correlation analysis to inform the choice of strategies for players in a prisoner's dilemma situation.
Logic of choosing strategies
1. Definition of personal color profiles:
- Two examples of personal color profiles were taken for our study. This allows us to understand the participants' basic value systems and levels of consciousness.
- Personal color profiles include levels: Purple, Red, Blue, Orange, Green, Yellow, and Turquoise.
2. Analysis of correlations:
- The data from the table of correlation coefficients were used to identify the most appropriate fears in the prisoner's dilemma situation.
- Correlations indicate the degree and direction of the relationship between the colors of the Spiral Dynamics and various fears (e.g., fear of death, HIV/AIDS).
3. Summing up the values of fears:
- The values of the fear correlations in each color level were summed up to determine the overall level of influence of these fears in each color level.
- The fear correlation values for each color level were ranked from highest to lowest to determine the priority fears in each color level.
4. Multiplication by the player's personal color profile:
- The total correlation values in each color level were multiplied by the proportion of the player's personal color profile.
- The resulting artwork in each color level shows the weight of all fears in a specific color level for each player.
5. Summing up the weights of all fears per color for each player:
- The total values of the weights of all fears by color levels indicate the direction of each player's choice of strategy.
6. Logic and justification of the choice of strategy:
- The player will choose the following strategy, provided that his total values of the weights of all fears by color levels:
Analysis based on personal color profiles and correlations of fears allowed us to reasonably determine the strategies of the players in the situation of the prisoner's dilemma. The use of this approach shows how value systems and fears can influence the decision-making and behavior of individuals in conditions of uncertainty and conflict.
4. Analysis and selection of strategies
o Rationale for the choice of strategy
Due to the fact that the fears data in the survey are calculated automatically after each new respondent (bookmark Correlation on the vidget above), we record the values and further calculations at the time of writing.
Summing up the values of fears:
Table No. 06.
Personal color profile of players (%):
Table No. 07.
Multiplication by the player's personal color profile (Table No. 06. * Table No. 07.):
Table No. 08.
Summing up the weights of all fears per color for each player:
- Player A = 0,366697
- Player B = -0,454188
Player A
The total influence of fears of 0.366697 (>0) indicates the influence of fears on decision-making. It is more logical for Player A to choose the "Betray" strategy to minimize the likelihood of facing the worst fears in prison.
Player B
The total influence of fears of -0.454188 (<0) indicates the absence of the influence of fears on decision-making, taking into account negative coefficients. It is more logical for Player B to choose the "Silence" strategy since negative correlations show that fears do not have a significant impact.
o Comparative analysis of strategies
In choosing the strategy of both players, a common table of fear correlation is used, and the only difference is the player's personal color profile, the color values of which give different weight to the sum of all fears in each color. This indicates that different levels of development in the stages of Spiral Dynamics indicate different guidelines for decision-making.
5. Results and discussion
o Interpreting the results of the analysis
To analyze players' strategies in the prisoner's dilemma, a method was used to assess the correlations between the Spiral Dynamics color profiles and various fears and weigh/normalize them by multiplying them by the values from the player's personal color profile. The results obtained made it possible to assess the influence of value systems and fears on each player's choice of strategy.
The study's results show that players make decisions based on their values, as reflected by their color profiles and their fears. This highlights the importance of incorporating psychological factors and value systems into behavior modeling in conflict situations, such as the prisoner's dilemma.
o The Influence of Value Systems and Fears on the Choice of Strategies
The study showed that value systems determined by the color profiles of Spiral Dynamics significantly impact players' behavior in the prisoner's dilemma. Players whose fears positively correlate with their value levels tend to choose a strategy to avoid these fears. Players with negative correlations between fears and values are less likely to be influenced by these fears in decision-making.
o Comparison of the results obtained with the classic prisoner's dilemma
In the classic prisoner's dilemma, both players choose to remain silent or betray. The outcomes depend on each player's choice of strategy, assuming that each player has no factors other than the logical calculation of personal gain. However, research based on data from the SaaS SDTEST® - Spiral Dynamics and Fear Analysis - shows that real player decisions can be significantly more complex and multifaceted.
The study showed that players' strategies in real life can differ significantly from the theoretical assumptions of the classic prisoner's dilemma. Individual value systems and fears can significantly change the logic of decision-making.
- For Player A: The classic dilemma and exploration logic converge, as fears lead to the "Betray" strategy choice.
- For Player B: Research deviates from classical logic. The influence of value systems and negative correlations of fears leads to the choice of the "Silence" strategy, which differs from the classical expectation.
Payment matrix for the classic prisoner's dilemma:
Table No. 09.
The results emphasize the importance of considering psychological and value factors in analyzing conflict situations. They show that people's real-world decisions can be significantly more complex than classical game theory suggests. Including factors such as value systems and fears allows for more accurate modeling of people's behavior in conflict situations, which is essential for developing effective management and negotiation strategies.
o Practical significance and application of the results
Based on a combination of the classic prisoner's dilemma, the theory of Spiral Dynamics, and the analysis of fears, the study is of great practical importance. It provides a deeper understanding of people's motivations in conflict situations and can be useful in various fields, such as management, negotiation, psychology, and sociology.
Management and Leadership
The study's results can be useful for managers and leaders who need to understand the motivations of their employees and colleagues. Understanding value systems and fears can help develop more effective strategies for motivation, conflict management, and decision-making. Leaders who are aware of how different levels of consciousness and values affect people's behavior can create more harmonious and productive teams.
Application:
- Development of personalized approaches to employee motivation.
- Effective conflict management in the workplace.
- Creating an environment conducive to unlocking employees' potential, considering their individual values and fears.
Negotiation and conflict resolution
Understanding the participants' value systems and fears can significantly increase efficiency in negotiation and conflict resolution. Negotiators who consider these factors can anticipate the other party's reactions and behavior, which allows them to predict the outcome of negotiations and choose optimal strategies more accurately.
Application:
- Using knowledge of value systems to predict the behavior of negotiators.
- Developing strategies considering opponents' fears and values to reach mutually beneficial agreements.
- Improving the effectiveness of mediation in conflict situations.
Psychology and Therapy
Psychologists and psychotherapists can use the study's results to understand their clients better. Understanding how value systems and fears influence behavior can help develop more effective therapeutic interventions.
Application:
- Conducting a more accurate diagnosis of psychological problems, considering clients' value systems.
- Development of personalized therapeutic approaches.
- Improving the quality of interaction between the therapist and the client based on understanding the client's values and fears.
Sociology and Public Opinion Research
The study can be useful for sociologists and public opinion researchers who seek to understand the behavior of large groups of people. Understanding how value systems and fears influence behavior can help predict societal responses to various events and changes.
Application:
- Analysis of public opinion considering various groups' value systems.
- Forecasting public reactions to social and political events.
- Development of more accurate models of social behavior.
The study's practical significance lies in providing a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of people's motivations and behavior in conflict situations. This knowledge can be used in various fields to improve interpersonal interaction, increase management effectiveness, and resolve conflicts. Incorporating value systems and fears into behavior analysis allows for more accurate and effective strategies, making this research meaningful and useful for practical application.
6. Findings
o The main findings of the study
During our research, we attempted to analyze the prisoner's dilemma through the prism of Spiral Dynamics, allowing us to identify how different value systems affect decision-making in a conflict situation.
The main findings of our study can be summarized as follows:
1. Influence of value systems on behavior strategies:
We have found that each Spiral Dynamics level exhibits unique behavior patterns when faced with a prisoner's dilemma.
2. Changing behavior patterns depending on the context:
The results showed that the participants' behavior can vary depending on their current state and context. Thus, when external conditions or internal beliefs change, participants can adapt their strategies to different levels of spiral dynamics.
3. Practical application of the theory of spiral dynamics:
The findings highlight the importance of using Spiral Dynamics to understand and manage conflict. More sustainable and productive results can be achieved by developing conflict resolution strategies that consider the participants' value systems.
4. Limitations and Opportunities for Future Research:
Despite the findings, our study has limitations. More research is needed to better understand the interaction of different levels of spiral dynamics in more complex and multifaceted contexts. Future studies may include more diverse samples of participants and different prisoner dilemma scenarios.
Thus, our study provides important insights into how Spinal Dynamics can be applied to conflict analysis and decision-making, opening up new avenues for further research and practical application of the theory.
o Contribution of the article to the development of conflict theory and interaction strategies
This article contributes to developing conflict theory and interaction strategies by integrating game theory, the prisoner's dilemma, and the theory of Spiral Dynamics. The main aspects of the contribution of the article are as follows:
1. Integration of Spiral Dynamics and Game Theory:
This work demonstrates how the theory of Spiral Dynamics can be used to analyze behavior strategies within the game theory framework. This allows for a deeper understanding of the motivations and strategies of the participants based on their value systems and levels of consciousness.
2. Extending Conflict Analysis:
The article proposes a new approach to conflict analysis, considering not only rational but also emotional and value aspects of participants' behavior. This contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the causes and dynamics of conflicts and possible ways to resolve them.
3. New methodology for evaluating interaction strategies:
The introduction of correlations between fears and the value systems of participants is an innovative methodological approach. It allows you to quantify the influence of various factors on the choice of strategies, thereby increasing the accuracy of forecasts of participants' behavior in conflict situations.
4. Practical application in conflict management:
The results can be used in practice to develop more effective conflict management strategies. Understanding value systems and their impact on participant behavior helps create the conditions for constructive interaction and mutually beneficial solutions.
Thus, this study deepens the theoretical understanding of conflicts and interaction strategies and offers new practical tools for their analysis and management, contributing to both these areas.
o Prospects for further research and possible directions
This study opens up several perspectives for further research. It suggests possible avenues for an in-depth study of interactions and conflicts within the framework of Spiral Dynamics theory and game theory. Key perspectives and directions include:
1. Sample and context expansion:
Future research may focus on applying the proposed methodology to a wider range of actors and in different contexts. This will test the universality and applicability of the results in different cultures and situations.
2. In-depth analysis of specific color levels:
A more detailed analysis of the influence of specific color levels of Spiral Dynamics on behavior in various game situations is necessary. This will allow us to understand better how certain value systems affect decision-making and strategic behavior.
3. Study of the dynamics of changes in color levels:
An interesting avenue may be the study of how changes in value systems (transitions between color levels) affect interaction strategies and conflict resolution. This will make it possible to identify patterns and mechanisms for adapting strategies depending on the development of the participant's consciousness.
4. Integration with other psychological and social theories:
The study of the relationship between the Spiral Dynamics theory and other psychological and social theories, such as motivation, cognitive psychology, and sociodynamics, is promising. This will help create a more comprehensive and multifactorial model for analyzing behavior in conflict situations.
5. Development of practical recommendations:
Future research may focus on developing specific practical recommendations and strategies for conflict and interaction management based on integrating game theory and Spiral Dynamics. This will allow the results to be applied in management, education, policy, and other areas.
6. Study of the influence of external factors:
An important area is the study of the influence of external factors (e.g., economic, social, and cultural conditions) on the choice of strategies and participants' behavior within the framework of the Spiral Dynamics theory. This will help you understand how context affects value systems and decision-making.
7. Longitudinal studies:
Longitudinal studies are promising. They will allow tracking changes in participants' strategies and value systems over time, helping to identify long-term trends and effects of various factors on behavior in conflict situations.
Thus, the prospects for further research open up wide opportunities for an in-depth study of the theory of Spiral Dynamics and game theory and for developing new approaches to analyzing and managing conflicts and interactions.
2024.07.17
Valerii Kosenko
产品负责人 SaaS SDTEST®
Valerii 于 1993 年获得社会教育心理学家资格，此后将他的知识应用于项目管理。
Valerii 于 2013 年获得硕士学位以及项目和项目经理资格。在硕士学习期间，他熟悉了项目路线图 (GPM Deutsche Gesellschaft für Projektmanagement e. V.) 和 Spiral Dynamics。
Valerii 是探讨 V.U.C.A. 不确定性的作者。使用螺旋动力学和心理学数理统计的概念，以及 38 个国际民意调查。
