Future of Jobs and Generative AI

The advent of large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT promises to transform the workplace by automating or augmenting a wide range of occupational tasks. However, a single perspective cannot fully grasp both the opportunities and risks these technologies represent across industries, workers, businesses and society. This article analyzes the World Economic Forum’s recent white paper [1] assessing the impact of LLMs on jobs through the lens of Spiral Dynamics. This integral framework reveals how different value systems perceive threats and opportunities differently. Administrative roles face disruption but efficiency gains (Blue). Innovative businesses are pressured to adopt but see new revenue potential (Orange). Vulnerable workers require support amidst job transformations (Green). Policymakers struggle to holistically analyze systemic impacts (Yellow). Realizing the benefits of LLMs requires honoring multiple worldviews, evolving processes, encouraging innovation, caring for people and conducting systems analysis. The analysis provides insights into LLMs’ multi-dimensional impacts and underscores the need for inclusive dialogue and initiatives to shape the AI-enabled future of work.

Here are the key points:

LLMs could significantly impact many jobs due to their ability to automate or augment language-based tasks, which account for an estimated 62% of work time.
The analysis assessed over 19,000 work tasks across 867 occupations to assess their LLM exposure. Tasks with high automation potential are routine and repetitive clerical/administrative tasks. Tasks with high augmentation potential require more abstract reasoning and problem-solving. Tasks with lower exposure potential emphasize interpersonal interaction.
Occupations with the highest automation potential include credit authorizers, telemarketers, statistical assistants, and tellers. Occupations with the highest augmentation potential include insurance underwriters, bioengineers, mathematicians, and editors. Occupations with lower exposure include counselors, clergy, home health aides, and lawyers.
Adopting LLMs will also likely create new roles like AI developers, content creators, interface designers, data curators, and AI ethics specialists.
The financial services and information technology industries have the overall highest potential exposure. The finance and IT functional areas also have increased exposure.
Significant alignment exists between occupations this analysis identifies as having high augmentation potential and those the Future of Jobs Report found to have high expected job growth. Similarly, occupations with high automation potential align with declining occupations.
The report concludes LLMs will transform jobs and tasks, requiring strategies by businesses and government to prepare workforces for the change through training, transition support, and social safety nets. Overall, LLMs present opportunities to raise productivity and create new jobs, if managed responsibly.

Spiral Dynamics stages

What color are you Spiral Dynamics?

Color	Beige	Purple	Red	Blue	Orange	Green	Yellow	Turquoise
In a life	Survival	Family relations	The rule of force	The power of truth	Competition	Interpersonal relations	Flexible stream	The Global vision
In a business	Own farm	Family business	Starting up a personal business	Business Process Management	Project management	Social networks	Win-Win-Win behavior	Synthesis

Here is an analysis of the World Economic Forum white paper on large language models and jobs through the lens of Spiral Dynamics stages:

Spiral Dynamics Stage	Quotes from Document
Beige	No relevant quotes
Purple	No relevant quotes
Red	No relevant quotes
Blue	"With 62% of total work time involving language-based tasks, the widespread adoption of LLMs, such as ChatGPT, could significantly impact a broad spectrum of job roles." (p.4) This reflects the blue focus on structure, process and order.
Orange	"Adopting LLMs will transform business and the nature of work, displacing some existing jobs, enhancing others and ultimately creating many new roles." (p.19) This reflects the orange drive for innovation and progress.
Green	"Governments can also partner with and support employers and educational institutions to provide training programs that prepare workers for the jobs that will grow and benefit the most from LLMs. Additionally, social safety nets and assistance in transitioning to new roles will need to be reimagined and be more precisely targeted for those most likely to be affected." (p.19) This reflects the green concern for people and relationships.
Yellow	"To assess the impact of LLMs on jobs, this paper provides an analysis of over 19,000 individual tasks across 867 occupations, assessing the potential exposure of each task to LLM adoption, classifying them as tasks that have a high potential for automation, high potential for augmentation, low potential for either or are unaffected (non-language tasks). The paper also provides an overview of new roles that are emerging due to the adoption of LLMs." (p.4) This reflects yellow's emphasis on complex systems analysis.
Turquoise	No relevant quotes

The document overall reflects blue, orange, and green worldviews, with some elements of yellow systems thinking. There are no clear expressions of the beige, purple, red or turquoise value systems. This analysis illustrates how technology impacts different aspects of society and values.

Threats

Here is an analysis of threats and affected stakeholders through the lens of Spiral Dynamics stages:

Spiral Dynamics Stage	Threats	Affected Stakeholders
Beige	No major threats identified	N/A
Purple	No major threats identified	N/A
Red	No major threats identified	N/A
Blue	Disruption of administrative processes and routines	Organizations, administrative staff
Orange	Pressure to rapidly adopt new technologies	Businesses, managers
Green	Job losses, inequality, lack of support during transition	Individual workers, marginalized groups, society
Yellow	Complexity of analyzing and managing impacts	Policy-makers, business leaders
Turquoise	No major threats identified	N/A

In summary, the blue stage is threatened by disruption of established administrative processes, the orange faces pressure to innovate, the green risks job losses and inequality, and the yellow struggles with complex systems analysis. This highlights how different worldviews perceive threats and opportunities from the same technology trend. A holistic perspective is needed to understand the range of stakeholders and design responsible policies.

Elon Musk said about the danger of artificial intelligence (A.I.) in an interview with Tucker Carlson in April 2023. Below you can read an abridged version of the results of our VUCA poll "A.I. and the end of civilization". The full version of the results is available for free in the FAQ section after login or registration.

人工知能と文明の終わり

チャート相関

VUCA

相関係数の臨界値

ウィリアム・シーリー・ゴセット（学生）による正規分布 r = 0.0727

スピアマンによる非正規分布 r = 0.003

結果のみを表示します > r = 0.0727

分布	非正常	普通	非正常	普通	普通	普通	普通	普通
すべての質問すべての質問 1) 安全（あなたはどれくらい同意しますか、それとも反対しますか？） 2) コントロール（あなたはいくら同意しますか、それとも反対しますか？）
1) 安全（あなたはどれくらい同意しますか、それとも反対しますか？）
Answer 1	-	弱いポジティブ 0.0734	弱いポジティブ 0.0222	弱いポジティブ 0.0930	弱いネガティブ -0.1129	弱いネガティブ -0.0082	弱いネガティブ -0.0441	弱いポジティブ 0.0172
Answer 2	-	弱いポジティブ 0.0176	弱いネガティブ -0.0064	弱いポジティブ 0.0439	弱いネガティブ -0.0235	弱いポジティブ 0.0411	弱いネガティブ -0.0037	弱いネガティブ -0.0536
Answer 3	-	弱いネガティブ -0.0237	弱いネガティブ -0.0293	弱いポジティブ 0.0041	弱いポジティブ 0.0580	弱いネガティブ -0.0254	弱いネガティブ -0.0131	弱いポジティブ 0.0056
Answer 4	-	弱いポジティブ 0.0353	弱いネガティブ -0.0020	弱いポジティブ 0.0147	弱いネガティブ -0.0434	弱いネガティブ -0.0329	弱いネガティブ -0.0045	弱いポジティブ 0.0461
Answer 5	-	弱いネガティブ -0.0159	弱いネガティブ -0.0257	弱いネガティブ -0.0233	弱いポジティブ 0.0425	弱いポジティブ 0.0329	弱いポジティブ 0.0241	弱いネガティブ -0.0546
Answer 6	-	弱いネガティブ -0.0137	弱いネガティブ -0.0525	弱いネガティブ -0.0709	弱いポジティブ 0.0701	弱いネガティブ -0.0147	弱いポジティブ 0.0443	弱いポジティブ 0.0137
Answer 7	-	弱いネガティブ -0.0651	弱いポジティブ 0.0972	弱いネガティブ -0.0603	弱いネガティブ -0.0026	弱いポジティブ 0.0092	弱いネガティブ -0.0026	弱いポジティブ 0.0252
2) コントロール（あなたはいくら同意しますか、それとも反対しますか？）
Answer 8	-	弱いポジティブ 0.0139	弱いポジティブ 0.0048	弱いポジティブ 0.0805	弱いポジティブ 0.0622	弱いネガティブ -0.0317	弱いネガティブ -0.0783	弱いネガティブ -0.0456
Answer 9	-	弱いポジティブ 0.0230	弱いネガティブ -0.0258	弱いネガティブ -0.0352	弱いポジティブ 0.0274	弱いポジティブ 0.0832	弱いネガティブ -0.0126	弱いネガティブ -0.0582
Answer 10	-	弱いポジティブ 0.0143	弱いネガティブ -0.0423	弱いネガティブ -0.0553	弱いネガティブ -0.0195	弱いポジティブ 0.0021	弱いポジティブ 0.0614	弱いポジティブ 0.0320
Answer 11	-	弱いポジティブ 0.0256	弱いポジティブ 0.0035	弱いポジティブ 0.0149	弱いネガティブ -0.0597	弱いネガティブ -0.0187	弱いネガティブ -0.0176	弱いポジティブ 0.0573
Answer 12	-	弱いネガティブ -0.0173	弱いポジティブ 0.0347	弱いポジティブ 0.0531	弱いポジティブ 0.0412	弱いネガティブ -0.0701	弱いポジティブ 0.0068	弱いネガティブ -0.0464
Answer 13	-	弱いネガティブ -0.0930	弱いネガティブ -0.0342	弱いネガティブ -0.0141	弱いポジティブ 0.0112	弱いポジティブ 0.0211	弱いポジティブ 0.0739	弱いポジティブ 0.0020
Answer 14	-	弱いポジティブ 0.0002	弱いポジティブ 0.0882	弱いネガティブ -0.0341	弱いネガティブ -0.0785	弱いネガティブ -0.0241	弱いネガティブ -0.0070	弱いポジティブ 0.0777

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Opportunities

Here is an analysis of opportunities and affected stakeholders through the lens of Spiral Dynamics stages:

Spiral Dynamics Stage	Opportunities	Affected Stakeholders
Beige	No major opportunities identified	N/A
Purple	No major opportunities identified	N/A
Red	No major opportunities identified	N/A
Blue	Increased efficiency of administrative processes	Organizations, administrative staff
Orange	Creation of new business models and revenue streams	Businesses, entrepreneurs
Green	Upskilling workers, maintaining an inclusive workforce	Individual workers, marginalized groups, society
Yellow	Holistic analysis of technology's impact on work	Policy-makers, business leaders
Turquoise	No major opportunities identified	N/A

In summary, blue sees opportunities for improved efficiency, orange in innovation and profit, green in supporting workers, and yellow in systems analysis. This highlights how different worldviews perceive opportunities from the same technology trend. An integral perspective is required to balance opportunities for organizations and individuals.

GAP Analysis

Here is a GAP analysis from a Spiral Dynamics perspective:

Spiral Dynamics Stage	GAP Analysis
Beige	No major gap identified
Purple	No major gap identified
Red	No major gap identified
Blue	GAP: Lacks discussion of how to evolve administrative processes rather than just making existing ones more efficient
Orange	GAP: Could provide more examples of how new business models and industries could arise from LLMs
Green	GAP: More detail is needed on programs to support workers through transitions and ensure opportunities are inclusive
Yellow	GAP: Deeper analysis required on technological impacts across education, business, and government domains
Turquoise	GAP: Holistic vision absent - how could LLMs improve society and actualization beyond business impacts?

In summary, blue could be used more on process evolution, orange on business model innovation, green on worker support, yellow on cross-domain impacts, and turquoise on realizing higher human potential. This reflects common gaps faced when new technologies are viewed primarily through one worldview lens rather than holistically. An integral perspective is needed to fully understand impacts and opportunities.

Overcome Gaps

Here are some suggested measures to overcome the gaps through the lens of Spiral Dynamics perspective:

Spiral Dynamics Stage	Suggested Measures to Overcome GAPs
Beige	N/A
Purple	N/A
Red	N/A
Blue	Conduct process redesign workshops to evolve administrative workflows
Orange	Research case studies and build scenarios describing new LLMs-enabled business models
Green	Profile reskilling programs and multi-stakeholder partnerships to support workers
Yellow	Model impacts of LLMs on education, healthcare, government, and other complex systems
Turquoise	Envision how LLMs could advance human potential and consciousness evolution

In summary, suggested measures include:

Blue: Process redesign workshops
Orange: New business model research
Green: Reskilling program profiles
Yellow: Modelling systemic impacts
Turquoise: Envisioning advancing human potential

This highlights the value of taking a holistic perspective and utilizing tools and ways of thinking from multiple stages and worldviews to fully understand and act upon the opportunities presented by emerging technologies like large language models.

Conclusion

The Spiral Dynamics framework reveals that the opportunities and threats presented by large language models are perceived differently across value systems. Blue sees potential efficiency gains but disruption of administrative routines. Orange focuses on innovation possibilities but feels pressured to rapidly adopt. Green emphasizes supporting impacted workers but risks exacerbating inequalities. Yellow provides systems analysis but grapples with complexity.

Fully realizing the benefits of large language models in the workplace and society requires transcending any worldview. An integral approach that honors multiple perspectives is needed. This includes evolving processes, encouraging innovation, caring for people, and systemic analysis. Further, a holistic vision looks beyond business impacts to how emerging technologies can advance human potential and social actualization.

By understanding these different value perspectives, businesses, policymakers, and workers can collaboratively shape the future of work in the age of artificial intelligence. A shared vision arises when stakeholders cooperate across stages of psychological and social development. This white paper provides insights into the multi-dimensional impacts of large language models across industries, occupations, and societal roles. Yet more inclusive dialogue and initiatives are needed to proactively guide this technology for the benefit of all.

[1] https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Jobs_of_Tomorrow_Generative_AI_2023.pdf

2023.10.12

Valerii Kosenko

プロダクトオーナー SaaS SDTEST®

ヴァレリーは 1993 年に社会教育心理学者の資格を取得し、それ以来その知識をプロジェクト管理に応用してきました。
Valerii は、2013 年に修士号とプロジェクトおよびプログラムマネージャーの資格を取得しました。修士課程中に、プロジェクトロードマップ (GPM Deutsche Gesellschaft für Projektmanagement e. V.) とスパイラルダイナミクスに精通しました。
Valerii は、V.U.C.A の不確実性を探求した本の著者です。スパイラルダイナミクスと心理学の数学的統計を使用したコンセプト、および 38 の国際世論調査。

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